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#1 Posted : 03 April 2006 16:21:00(UTC)
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Posted By Dougie Can anyone help me here? I am interested as to what the definition of 'explosion' is within this regulation. For example I take it to mean exploding gas cylinders, fuel tanks etc but does it specifically cover such items such as unexploded ordnance. ie WW2 Bombs, Anti Aircraft Shells, incendiary devices. The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 Prevention of risk from fire etc. 18.— Suitable and sufficient steps shall be taken to prevent, so far as is reasonably practicable, the risk of injury to any person during the carrying out of construction work arising from— (a) fire or explosion; (b) flooding; or (c) any substance liable to cause asphyxiation.
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#2 Posted : 03 April 2006 16:38:00(UTC)
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Posted By Chris Packham Just for the record, gas cylinders rarely explode. For that they would need to contain oxygen, which, unless incorrectly filled, they will not do. They burst, then the gas comes out and, given the correct air:gas mixture, might explode. More normally it burns extremly quickly, giving the impression of an explosion.
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#3 Posted : 03 April 2006 16:56:00(UTC)
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Posted By Mike Draper Dougie In my view an explosion occurs when energy is released very rapidly. I know that you can get all tied up about material properties and comparing the velocity of the shockwave to the rate of expansion etc and argue about whether you should take the word literally to mean an explosion such as from TNT but look at it simply. Whether it is a WWII UXB, an LPG bottle or an air compressor, when they go off, the release of stored energy is pretty devastating. Then faced with a regulation like that, ask yourself what you would say if challenged on your definition. "Well, your honour, it's like this ....
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#4 Posted : 03 April 2006 17:03:00(UTC)
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Posted By Fred Pratley Dougie, A release of mechanical, chemical, or nuclear energy in a sudden and often violent manner with the generation of high temperature and usually with the release of gases. and/or A violent bursting as a result of internal pressure. ! Fred
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#5 Posted : 03 April 2006 17:20:00(UTC)
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Posted By Frank Macleod Doug, I am not sure what the legal definition is however this may help.... Explosion ________________________________________ The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which causes the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded gas; as, the explosion of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc. ________________________________________ A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of internal pressure; as, the explosion of a gun, a bomb, a steam boiler, etc. ________________________________________ A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited language, action, etc.; as, an explosion of wrath. ...or as quoted in my course notes for the Diploma (Part II)from the RRC state... Explosions occur as the sudden, uncontrolled release of a concentration of energy. The most usual kinds are: Pressure explosions (and implosions) Deflagrating explosions (rapid combustion in which excess pressure generated by the chemical reactions cannot dissipitate itself quickly enough and a destructive blast wave is generated) Detonations Electrical Nuclear Regards Frank
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#6 Posted : 03 April 2006 17:22:00(UTC)
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Posted By Frank Macleod Doug, I am not sure what the legal definition is however this may help.... Explosion ________________________________________ The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which causes the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded gas; as, the explosion of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc. ________________________________________ A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of internal pressure; as, the explosion of a gun, a bomb, a steam boiler, etc. ________________________________________ A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited language, action, etc.; as, an explosion of wrath. ...or as quoted in my course notes from RRC state...if there is a gas/air mixture within the flammable limits in a confined space there is an explosion danger; a chance ignition will initiate the reaction, which will propogate throughout the mixture. The energy released will raise the temperature and so raise the pressure. At some point the pressure wil reach a value which will cause failure of the structure. Explosions occur as the sudden, uncontrolled release of a concentration of energy. The most usual kinds are: Pressure explosions (and implosions), Deflagrating explosions (rapid combustion in which excess pressure generated by the chemical reactions cannot dissipitate itself quickly enough and a destructive blast wave is generated), Detonations, Electrical, Nuclear. Regards Frank
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#7 Posted : 04 April 2006 03:20:00(UTC)
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Posted By Derek Holt Explosive ordnance: all munitions containing explosives, nuclear fission or fusion materials and biological and chemical agents. This includes bombs and warheads; guided and ballistic missiles; artillery, mortar, rocket and small arms ammunition; all mines, torpedoes and depth charges; pyrotechnics; clusters and dispensers; cartridge and propellant actuated devices; electro-explosive devices; clandestine and improvised explosive devices; and all similar or related items or components explosive in nature. Explosives: a substance or mixture of substances which, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat. Explosion: A release of mechanical, chemical, or nuclear energy in a sudden and often violent manner with the generation of high temperature and usually with the release of gases. NOTE: It can also be used to describe a violent bursting as a result of internal pressure. Therefore can be applied to gas cylinders as mentioned in an earlier posting. When specifically talking about explosive ordnance the correct terminology in relation to the explosive fill would be either detonation or deflagration. Basically detonation is promulgated by a high velocity shock wave and deflagration by a low velocity shockwave.
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#8 Posted : 04 April 2006 03:28:00(UTC)
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Posted By Derek Holt Chris, My apologies I forgot to directly answer your question. Yes it would relate to unexploded ordnance. Therefore if it is known that the site may possibly be contaminated by UXO then a remediation plan should be formalised. This would usually necessitate that the site in question be subject to a UXO desk top study to firstly try and confirm the likely presence of UXO. i.e old military land etc. This may then be followed by a technical UXO site survey. If the presence of UXO is confirmed or there is a high likelyhood of such then the site will need to be searched and cleared before intrusive works commence. If you have a specific UXO problem or need further advice drop me a line.
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#9 Posted : 04 April 2006 03:29:00(UTC)
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Posted By Derek Holt Having a bad day, I meant Dougie.
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#10 Posted : 04 April 2006 03:34:00(UTC)
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Posted By Derek Holt Dougie, Just noticed your email address and note you are with Bactec. I assume you are with the Bactec that is in the business of landmine and UXO remediation? If so I would have thought you would know the answer to your own question? May I therefore enquire as to the reason for your post?
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#11 Posted : 05 April 2006 19:51:00(UTC)
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#12 Posted : 06 April 2006 12:40:00(UTC)
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Posted By jom Doug, I don't think there is a definition that is universally accepted. The media thinks anything that goes "pop" in industry is an explosion. You can call it a sudden release of pressurised gas, but then you have to define "sudden". I think an important factor is the presence or not of a blast wave. The damage is a quantum step up when there is a blast wave. John.
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#13 Posted : 06 April 2006 12:52:00(UTC)
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Posted By Paul Leadbetter I am sure I was once told that the distinguishing feature of an explosion is a supersonic reaction front as the material oxidises. Paul
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#14 Posted : 07 April 2006 15:37:00(UTC)
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Posted By Alex Ryding http://www.google.co.uk/...efine%3A+explosion&meta= All the definitions you could need!
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#15 Posted : 09 April 2006 11:54:00(UTC)
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Posted By Frank Hallett Hi Dougie The last response was nearest to a techie description of the term explosion. At its most simplistic, an explosion is a release of energy in which the pressure front travels faster than the speed of sound; a deflagration is a release of energy where the energy released travels slower than the speed of sound. This does not mean that a deflagration is safer, although it generally has a lower energy than an explosion. If you wish to research all this - start off by going to the classification of explosives [whatever is now CDG] and the Approved List. Also - Sorry Chris [Packham], but I must disgree with your statement. It's not about the contents, it's about the release of energy and even inert gases have caused cylinders [now called transportable pressurised gas containers - yeah, I prefer cylinders too] to rupture and release the energy explosively. Frank Hallett
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#16 Posted : 10 April 2006 15:16:00(UTC)
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Posted By garyh I note that the media nearly always calls explosions "detonations" whereas (reaching back to an explosives lecture nearly 30 yewars ago) not all explosions are detonations. From memory detonations are particularly destructive besause the shock front and flame are propagated at the same velocity?? My point is that we as professionals should make sure we use the correct terminology.
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#17 Posted : 10 April 2006 23:44:00(UTC)
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Posted By Derek Holt Frank, You are correct in your definition except the word explosion should be substituted for detonation. You will find there are detonations and deflagrations not explosions and deflagrations. All In essence both are explosions, as the poster above points out all three terms are misused and abused by the media and those who have not worked within the Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Demining, commercial explosives blasting/demolition sector etc. This being a small sector it is understandable that such terms are not understood by all. What is important is that the general concept of an explosion and potential causes, effects and controls are understood and clearly communicated to those who need to know. The bottom line is that anything that has the potential to 'explode' has the potential to kill or seriously injure.
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