Posted By Ian H Hi I have carried out reviews/audits of organisations that apply these approaches and other models (HS(G)65 / ILO etc.). I have found that they all pretty much provide a framework of a system that is not disimilar. In terms of value, the real gain is the implementation and the application of risk controls in reality. Unfortunately there are plenty of organisations who have certified SMS's who in reality aren't that great at managing safety. In some cases, particularly small businesses, I sometimes advise them not to go for the full blown certification, but apply the general principles and focus on what I seem to find consistently are the issues. These are: - setting and communication of clear standards; - checking that the standards are understood and followed (education and involvement of people; - robust investigation and learning when incidents occur. I think you need to ask 'what will employing this system do to reduce the likelihood of harm'? All the best Ian