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#1 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:06:00(UTC)
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Posted By Linda Westrupp Dear Colleagues Your opinions would be welcome on the following as I and my colleague have differing views. Multi-storey car park, 1 suicide and 2 attempted in the past 4 years. Concrete construction with 'walls' 1m high and open above. Crash barrier in front of these walls bolted to uprights. My colleague is suggesting removing the crash barrier and leaving just the uprights to make it difficult to climb onto the walls. I think the uprights are just as easy to climb on and have also identified a number of ligature points. Thus, if someone is determined they will find a way. My opinion is that the risk of a car overshooting the parking space and hitting the wall is higher and without the crash barrier there is a possibility of the car and part of the wall falling from an upper deck. What liability would there be in the case of a suicide and what would other colleagues do?
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#2 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:10:00(UTC)
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Posted By Simon Walsh Grad IOSH I think you have hit upon the point yourself, if someone is determined to harm themselves they will find a way of doing it. To remove the crash barrier itself would, in my view be the wrong thing to do, as if a vehicle hit the concrete it could cause the concrete to break and fall to innocent people below.
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#3 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:13:00(UTC)
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Posted By holmezy Linda, I would be surprised if there was any liability at all if there was a successful suicide attempt, unless of course the attendant gave him a leg up! The significant risk, as you say, is the car over shooting, knocking the wall onto people below. The liklehood of a suicide attempt is quite low,(although the severity would be high) and therefore not a major risk for you to control. Now if your car park had been chosen by the local "suicides are us" group and they wanted to do a sponsered event, then maybe your controls to prevent harm occuring would have to be greater. Holmezy Still sitting by the riverbank, beer in hand, watching and waiting........ Holmezy
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#4 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:39:00(UTC)
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Posted By Linda Westrupp Dear Both Thanks for your responses they are very useful. Holmesy - why is beer still in hand, shouldn't it be in digestive system by now? Good fishing Linda
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#5 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:40:00(UTC)
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Posted By MetalMan Why are you worrying about this? There are just some things you can't be expected to plan for. How on earth could you possibly be held accountable for a suicide? I'm sorry but if this is the state of the job now, then like 9-ship I'm turning it in and going back to engineering! I thought provisions had to be reasonably practicable? God!, we'll soon be worrying about whether we should be installing crash mats on the top of buildings just in case someone decides to commit suicide by jumping out of an aeroplane with no parachute on and lands on ours, and we might get sued!!! Can the last person out turn the light off please!!!
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#6 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:48:00(UTC)
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Posted By Linda Westrupp MetalMan This is a serious discussion as we are a local authority. The local health trust are asking us to help in reducing the risk of suicide within the general area and multi-storey car parks are an obvious target. I agree that some things are getting out of hand but there have been coroners inquests which have criticised authorities for making things too easy. I hope this helps clarify the reasons why we are looking at this issue. Linda p.s. Holmezy - hope you've had a bite by now!
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#7 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:49:00(UTC)
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Posted By Adrian Clifton Holmezy Are you really that sad that you take a wireless, internet ready laptop with you when you go fishing? Can I suggest that undertake a risk assessment on the chance of you not catching any fish at all. Especially after the manual handling you have subjected yourself to getting your gear to the rivers edge, the (possibly) slippery surface you have walked on, the ergonomic problems you may be exposing yourself to by using a laptop for prolonged periods, without the benefit of ergonomically sound workstation. Can anyone think of anything else to add to the list? I feel sure Holmezy would appreciate our concerns for his Health, Safety, Welfare and sanity (to be honest, I'm just jealous). Adrian
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#8 Posted : 01 December 2006 13:56:00(UTC)
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Posted By holmezy Thanks for your concerns. Perhaps my laptop is 240v and I have joined numerous extension cables together so as to reach the riverbank? When I say I'm by the riverbank, its not strictly true. Same with the beer....but it is Friday, and I have started to drift off somewhat into weekend mode. Oh, and I hate fishing!
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#9 Posted : 01 December 2006 14:26:00(UTC)
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Posted By JPK Hi Linda, The fact that the Local Health trust is associating the local suicide rate to Car Parks making it too easy for the 'jumpers' is 1, ludicrous, as there must be a million ways to carry out a suicide. 2, well passing the buck again to take away from local health care lapses!! That said, it is a comendable step to try and prevent suicide on the premises, both moral and economic, you dont want people associating your local amenities with death I assume. Consider this.... The Crash barrier is there for an obvious H&S purpose, so to remove it would be irresponsible anyway. Perhaps add, an additional mesh or fencing attachment to existing uprights, this would leave the existing measures in place whilst achieving your goal of preventing access to the void. It seems intersting that the options you have given as a local authority are to consider removing something, at what must be a lower cost than to add more measures!?!
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#10 Posted : 01 December 2006 14:44:00(UTC)
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Posted By Merv Newman linda, wihile the frequency may not be high, the outcome is very certain. many high buildings do install precautions, especially if they are famous institutions (empire state, anyone ?) or very easily accessible - like a drive-in car park. Apart from closing the openings with wire grilles, which would be very expensive to install and maintain, I can only think of safety nets at the lowest level. I think the probable trajectory would terminate very close to the foot of the building, so maybe somewhere between 1 and 2 meters in width (any experts out there ? I'm sure some people in the emergency services will have seen the results. No photos, please) You would have to be carefull about the nettings coefficient of elasticity. We don't want to attract reverse bungee jumpers, do we ? Merv
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#11 Posted : 01 December 2006 14:47:00(UTC)
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Posted By Robert K Lewis Most modern multi storey parks now use some form of mesh or similar to close off these areas above parapets at lower levels but they ignore the roof level parking where it is probably best place to jump if you really want to die!!! I can see no case at all to remove any crash barriers as they are more likely to preserve life than eliminate the potential suicide. Bob
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#12 Posted : 01 December 2006 15:47:00(UTC)
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Posted By MetalMan Hi Linda, I kind of guessed that this was driven by someone other than yourself. My point is that these organisations expect the avarage H+S bod to come up with these solutions to cover there own rear ends no matter how remote the risk is. Now, while even I can see the sense in maybe taking basic precautions to ensure the suicide risk is lowered, it is pretty rich to ask you to look at your car park when there are a million and one other ways to kill yourself. All of our factory machine are guarded and interlocked, but if someone really wanted to lose a hand in one they would be able to find a way I'm sure. I am just getting increasingly frustrated by organisations motivated by self preservation expecting us to wrap the world up in cotton wool so no one gets hurt, in the meantime we get plastered all over the papers for instigating it all in the first place.
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#13 Posted : 01 December 2006 16:53:00(UTC)
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Posted By holyterror72 You could put inflatable mats around the building to cushion the fall. That's a joke by the way. We dealt with a new multi storey car park. The H&S bod from the council walked around it with one of my colleagues and asked if 'beam walkers' had been taken into account. She seemed to think it was normal for people to climb through safety precautions and randomly walk along beams. we had to admit we hadn't considered beam walkers, or base jumpers or any other form of individual who purposely defies safety for fun. Basically, where there is a will there is a way.
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#14 Posted : 01 December 2006 16:56:00(UTC)
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Posted By Merv Newman Metalman, while I tend to agree with you, remember that our bosses expect us to come up with the solution to a problem they think they have detected. Or a good justification for doing nothing. They pay the money so they expect us to sweat a bit and prove we are geniuses. I think Linda has found herself in a bit of a quandary, perhaps leaning towards your quite valid point of view, and is trying to get a general overview of expert opinion, so as to eventually build her case, one way or the other. How could you help her to make the case for adopting your point of view ? Merv
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#15 Posted : 01 December 2006 23:59:00(UTC)
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Posted By Pete48 Linda, Maybe this is an example of where quantified risk assessment is the correct tool and not qualitative risk assessment? Question 1. To remove a crash barrier in order to reduce the risk of suicide? As you suggest in your post and others have confirmed, doing the the numbers in your head says do not remove the barrier but maybe they need to be calculated and recorded as part of the overall project. Question 2. To retrofit protection against suicide attempts or beam walkers? You really have to do the numbers here to get an answer that has any relevance to sensible risk control. Looking at current design standards for similar buildings will give you a quick benchmark on what is considered as essential design for this area if you need a quicker position to carry on discussions. As an LA you must have access to design codes or civils people? If you don't have the expertise to carry out this QRA work, you are not competent to make the decision alone and I would avoid doing so. You can offer an opinion but not one that is quantifiable.
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#16 Posted : 02 December 2006 10:26:00(UTC)
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Posted By Bob Shillabeer HI everybody, A serious subject this one and one of general interest to the public at large. Suicide is a very difficult thing to manage and counter. Those who attempt to commit suicide are very determined if ill people; dealt with a few over the years not a pretty sight and very sad. Who knows what drives people to such desperate action (it's not just money or emotional things but much more likely to be a mental health problem). This is an issue that has dogged the rail industry for years, cost millions of pounds and countles minutes of delay. What is the answer? Well no one really knows but it is not down to individual organisations to manage the risk out partly because it is some what unpredictable. One organisation that has done enormous research into this is the Rail Safety & Standards Board and it is worth looking at their website - www.rssb.co.uk. By the way have you considered erecting mesh grills between the top of the wall and the ceiling to prevent anyone getting over the top and of course dropping anything onto people below. Bob.
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#17 Posted : 02 December 2006 10:35:00(UTC)
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Posted By John Donaldson In some ways this follows Bob’s thread I well remember having a discussion with an HSE Principale Inspector some years ago, following a suicide, on appropriate measures to prevent people committing suicide when jumping from high buildings. The response I received was “you should take into account the risks to the normal occupiers of the building, including children. If someone is intent in committing suicide they will simply find another location.” An example of this was a bridge over a local dual carriage way from which several people had jumped. The Highways Authority spent many thousands of pounds enclosing the bridge. All that happened was that the people intent on committing suicide moved to the next bridge down the road. I am sure many will disagree with this but is this not what sensible heath and safety is all about?
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#18 Posted : 02 December 2006 15:41:00(UTC)
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Posted By Red Ones It may be worth considering the effect of installing precautions on the suicidee (new word there I think!) If the local Health trust is driving the initiative, then they should consider the effect of reducing the level of suicides at your premises. My naive local view it that by making it more difficult to jump from a MSCP you are going to displace the problem; the result could be more people jumping from bridges into the path of oncoming traffic. this would increase the number of injuries, and consequently the risk. If you consider the wider perspective you could be making matters worse. I am sure that suicidees do not think "Oh well, the Car Park is too safe nowadys, so I won't kill myself"
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#19 Posted : 02 December 2006 15:48:00(UTC)
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Posted By Peter Leese The thread 'suicides' started by Joel Benham in 2003 also covers this.
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#20 Posted : 02 December 2006 21:01:00(UTC)
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Posted By Bob Shillabeer To return to my posting of earlier. I had the task some time ago of looking at the coroner's reports on a large number of suicides on the railway. Most if not all held a very sad story from the loss of a loved one to serious mental health problems caused unfortunately in some cases by drug abuse, cruelty by someone else and sexual abuse. Each acse had serious abd worrying theme. One in particular I recall is one of a man who became an alcoholic after his previously successful business went to the wall who drove his car to the local station lay down on the platform ramp and was decaoitated by a train pasing the station at over 100 mile an hour. That was the suicide but there was an even more frightening end to this tale. The police were dealing with the incident when the next train arrived and off got a woman who then saw the dead man's car and stood by it waiting for you've guessed it her husband. It shows very graphically that suicide is a major tradegy for those left behind and a problem for society. Take what precautions you can to reduce the opportunity for a suicidal person to act in this way by all means but it's society in general who need to press for better mental health and easier acces to financial support/advise than putting anti suicide defences simple because we don't want it on our patch.
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#21 Posted : 03 December 2006 16:59:00(UTC)
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Posted By David Passmore As mentioned earlier, a determined person wishing to end it all will find a way to do it. It is suggested that removing the barrier would prevent or certainly make access to the wall more difficult,(removing a safety feature may be unwise for the reasons stated in other threads), but by virtue of the building being a car park, access opportunities are an existing feature. I am referring to the actual cars parked in the building. One foot onto the bumper the next foot onto the bonnet and there you have it!
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#22 Posted : 04 December 2006 09:16:00(UTC)
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Posted By MetalMan Hi Merv only just read your comment on returning to work. How would I convince her? Right, I would point out the thousands of miles of unprotected railway track and station platforms in the country, the thousands of miles of roads unprotected, the thousands of unprotected bridges and buildings, the hundreds of thousands of trees with branches sturdy enough to hang a rope over, need I go on? Like a previous poster has mentioned, that if local authorities correctly identified these people and helped them in the first place instead of trying to shift the emphasis over to the H+S side of things Linda would not be asked to look at the problem in the first place.Now while I appreciate in a caring society we need to be aware of these problems and take basic precautions, surely there is only so far you can go before you wonder why?, and for whose benefit you are risk assessing for?.
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#23 Posted : 04 December 2006 12:28:00(UTC)
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Posted By Linda Westrupp Dear Colleagues Thank you to everyone for responses, some of which have been very useful. I would point out that I was always convinced that removing barriers was not a good option but one of my colleagues had suggested it and is convinced that it is the right way to go. I wanted opinions so that I could see how many other professionals would come down on one side or the other. Fortunately the majority of respondees (is that a word?) have agreed with my view. I did suggest mesh grills etc. but this particular car park is almost at the end of its useful life and may be demolished. It is also open on the top two levels which cannot be meshed. Hopefully a replacement will have some design features built in to make it safer. Thank you again for giving me some ammunition to convince my senior management. Linda
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#24 Posted : 04 December 2006 13:26:00(UTC)
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Posted By Garry Linda One possible alternative to the crash barrier may be to affix a ‘Stop’, or raised area, an inch or so in height, directly to the floor. As the vehicle is driven in to the space the tyres would come against the ‘stop’ prior to the vehicle striking the wall. This is used in a local MSCP and consists of an inverted length of angle iron secured to the floor. Good luck anyway. Garry
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