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#1 Posted : 18 December 2008 07:49:00(UTC)
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Posted By David A Cooper You may recall my request for information some months ago. The statistical analysis of falls from escalators (0ver the side and from the side NOT on escalators) has now been completed and is revealing the need for a risk assessment to be undertaken prior to locating an escalator in accrodance with BS5656 It is estimated that over 40% of these accidents can be avoided by simple policy means rather than drastic redesigns of buildings and/or escalators. The research has found nearly 350 accidents and a high fatality rate and is now moving onto empirical testing to improve safety even further. The research has been presented at the conferences of NAVTP (San Francisco), ELEVCON (Thessaloniki) and CIBSE (London)and to an accumulation of UK retailers. THE RESEARCH PAPER IS AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE AND ANYONE WISHING A COPY CAN CONTACT ME AND I WILL E MAIL IT TO YOU
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#2 Posted : 18 December 2008 08:28:00(UTC)
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Posted By Raymond Rapp David Thanks for the information. Incidentally, did the research establish other variables including incidents that were alcohol related? Ray
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#3 Posted : 18 December 2008 08:49:00(UTC)
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Posted By David A Cooper Ray Good question. By far the most incidents involve children aged 10 and under which is where my main concern lies. Fatalties are primarily across the age groups up to 40. Alcohol plays a part especially in the youth age groups however I split the groups into 0-10, 11-20, 21-30 etc and I want to do some more work on the 11-20 group as I anticipate the influence of alcohol will increase with age. Dave
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#4 Posted : 18 December 2008 09:03:00(UTC)
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Posted By Dave Merchant "350 accidents" is an irrelevant number without a denominator. How many millions of journeys is this spread across?
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#5 Posted : 18 December 2008 09:08:00(UTC)
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Posted By David A Cooper Dave Again a good point which cannot be answered and can only be guessed at. It is impossible to establish the number of escalators in the world yet alone the number of journeys. What I have identified is that of the 96 fatalities most of them could have been easily avoided at little or no cost. Dave
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#6 Posted : 18 December 2008 10:54:00(UTC)
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Posted By willhiem David, I'd be very interested in reading your study, if you could provide your email, i'll send on my details, thanks.
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#7 Posted : 18 December 2008 11:01:00(UTC)
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Posted By Paul Leadbetter Willhiem You can send an e-mail to David by clicking on his name in red. Paul
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#8 Posted : 18 December 2008 11:03:00(UTC)
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Posted By Dave Merchant I'm not disputing that each accident was preventable, but certainly the "little or no cost" argument is wrong. Let's assume doing something costs £1k per escalator - which is fine for the one where the guy dies, but there are hundreds of thousands of escalators in the world, and you have no way to know which will see accident 351. So your overall budget is either a few hundred million quid to inspect and assess every single one (and upgrade those which need it), or nothing. It's like saying one zebra crossing is cheap compared to the thousands of road deaths per year. Fine, if everyone crosses at the same place. I'd ballpark the statistical risk per trip as vanishingly small - there are millions of escalator trips per hour in the UK alone, and the numbers for CP97-1 in the US for injuries of any type (down to a stubbed toe) were around 1 in 4 million, with fatalities at below 1 in 500 million, which makes them the one of the safest forms of motorised transport in the world.
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#9 Posted : 18 December 2008 11:21:00(UTC)
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Posted By David A Cooper Dave The main problems are architectural rather than escalator based. The main escalator manufacturers have agreed with the research and are dealing with it on a policy basis. The problem is that in most cases the manufacturers know little about the locus and architects have historically got it wrong due to a lack of knowledge about dimensional requirements and a failure to risk assess. There is a prosecution of an architect pending and I am eagerly awaiting the outcome of that case. By little or no cost I meant forward policy rather than retrospective. I hope that I didnt mislead you. Dave
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#10 Posted : 18 December 2008 11:27:00(UTC)
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Posted By Jonathan Breeze Dave Merchant, The logic of your statement is flawed. I can choose where to cross on the road or use the zebra crossing. However I often cannot choose how to get to other floors in a building but must use the escalator. Dave Merchant, The logic of your statement is flawed. I can choose where to cross on the road or use the zebra crossing. However I often cannot choose how to get to other floors in a building but must use the escalator. Now if all the escalators in the world were installed to the same high standard and kept maintained...
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#11 Posted : 18 December 2008 11:27:00(UTC)
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Posted By Jonathan Breeze Dave Merchant, The logic of your statement is flawed. I can choose where to cross on the road or use the zebra crossing. However I often cannot choose how to get to other floors in a building but must use the escalator. Now if all the escalators in the world were installed to the same high standard and kept maintained...
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#12 Posted : 18 December 2008 11:29:00(UTC)
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Posted By Jonathan Breeze Oops, Cross posted same point with David Cooper.
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#13 Posted : 18 December 2008 11:38:00(UTC)
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Posted By Bill01 David, I wouldn't mind sight of the paper, does this information also include inclined Moving Walks? Thanks.
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#14 Posted : 18 December 2008 12:49:00(UTC)
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Posted By Dave Merchant The logic of my zebra crossing statement was meant to be flawed - that's the point. Previous research (and there's been a lot, just ask the Elevator and Escalator Safety Foundation) tends to show that the primary cause of most accidents is human behavior rather than design/maintenance faults. There will always be some escalators installed in a stupid place or maintained poorly, but if every one was perfect you would still have occasional people falling off, unless they're all caged in. Sometimes people are just stupid. Because the per-trip rate is so vanishingly small it's into noise, so the argument that these 350 accidents can be 'prevented' doesn't float - there can never be zero, and 350 is probably as low as it'll go. Let's say we enclose very escalator well, to prevent side falls - how many people could be injured during the installation of the enclosures, or because they resulted in a change in smoke dispersal during a fire? Probably very few, but it's one small number against another small number. I'm not questioning the accident figures in the report, just if they're actually of any statistical 'significant risk', which is what matters to the people riding on the things. Airbags save lives, but also cause injuries and deaths. They're only worthwhile because the huge number of collisions allows a mismatch of probability, and there's no similar comparison available for lifts or escalators.
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#15 Posted : 18 December 2008 13:18:00(UTC)
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Posted By David A Cooper In the UK there are about 4000 escalator accidents per annum and 18000 in the USA. My research is specifically falls from or over escalators. Falls on escalators and entrapments are much higher that the sector I am looking at. The point I am tring to make is that the majority of the accidents I am looking at involve young children aged 10 and under who have no idea that they are getting themselves into trouble. This isnt horseplay....this is something we can and should do something about. Dave
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#16 Posted : 18 December 2008 13:38:00(UTC)
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Posted By Jonathan Breeze Dave M, I worked that out after I posted. Sorry! I woke up this morning thinking it was Saturday and I haven't yet recovered from the disappointment.
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#17 Posted : 18 December 2008 18:23:00(UTC)
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Posted By Chris Jerman Hi David, good to see that your research has come in. I was stunned to see the clips that you showed at the seminar in London - I had no idea of the range of people's stupidity. We have been taking a look at our escalators in the light of this and have determined that in the main, we do not witness such behaviour in our stores. Going the wrong way - yes, but that's not usually the cause of falls over the side. I think what people don't perhaps realise (until they see your work or meet you) is the angles involved here in relation to the height of an escalator handrail (in relation to a tipping point) - that exists only a few steps down. Falling forwards and over the side is not as daft as it sounds. You changed my understanding that's for sure. But what is difficult in our position, is doing that much about it. No that you can't - but it's creating an appetite in a business that doesn't seem to have a problem. Maybe the stats are pretty slim on this - but you can't argue with the 'geometry' of it. I have to say folks, there are few people who know as much about this subject as David IMHO. What you do is your choice as a business, but do 'whatever' with the right knowledge. Chris
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#18 Posted : 18 December 2008 19:50:00(UTC)
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Posted By David A Cooper Many thanks for your kind words Chris. I have been presenting these findings and a general safety course on escalators free of charge to a number of EHO gatherings around the UK as well as at International meetings. If anyone would like me to present to their association I am more than happy to do so. Presenting the findings are an integral part of the Universities requirements so I would be pleased to share the information with anyone who is interested. Dave
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