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#1 Posted : 15 May 2009 20:08:00(UTC)
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Posted By seadog Dear All, I am involved with fire risk assessments within a few council blocks and I wondered if I could gather some advice/opinions on the level of fire alarm systems (if any which may be required within the common areas. I am aware that the Government’s technical guidance issued for sleeping accommodation recommends that a system is installed within the common areas if they do not comply with the ‘modern’ building regs (can anyone tell me exactly what is meant by ‘modern’); however, in some of these blocks the stairwells are not protected from the private dwellings by fire resisting structures, but the construction is comprised of concrete and brick throughout the common areas. If no specific fire hazards are observed, do you really think it necessary to install a fire alarm system? Would you include manual call points? Do you not consider that if a full system was installed and linked to a control panel, it would be likely that the panel would be put in to silent mode to avoid false alarms – bearing in mind that some of the blocks are only 3 storeys and have just two flats per floor. Also, Where I have been recommending alarm systems within the common areas of residential properties, I have been recommending that they should be installed to Grade A LD2 Standard, as per the sleeping accommodation guidance. However, an installation contractor has recently disagreed and suggested that an L4 system should be installed. I would appreciate views on any of the above. ps...I have spoken to fire officers up and down the country and usually get a response along the lines of 'do a risk assessment then make a judgement', but surely there should be more to base a judgement on? Thanks
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#2 Posted : 15 May 2009 21:50:00(UTC)
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Posted By SBH No, do the risk assessment, what are the hazards, is there a risk that communal areas are a hazard to residents if soi can they escape? can they be alerted, do they need to be.. depends on the risk etc.If the risk is minimal to life then IMHO you will not need a fire alarm. Plus if you installed an alarm in communal areas would it be heard? There are loads to consider but it depends on the risk
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#3 Posted : 15 May 2009 23:12:00(UTC)
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Posted By seadog It’s all very well saying ‘do your risk assessment’ but the level of information on which you are currently able base educated judgements on concerning this subject is poor. Surely a good risk assessor would want to gather information from a range of sources when evaluating the risks relating in this particular type of situation, so whats wrong with asking for people with relevant experience to offer their opinions? The official guidance and relevant British Standards are conflicting, so this is clearly a topic that should be debated. I personally think that there is next to no chance of a fire accidentally starting within a concrete/brick stairwell enclosure, but if a fire started within a private dwelling and the occupant left the door open when they escaped there is the risk of smoke spreading throughout the stairwell. I any case, from what I have observed, inspecting fire authority officers tend to issue enforcement notices when inspecting residential common areas which do not have fire alarm systems.
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#4 Posted : 16 May 2009 14:10:00(UTC)
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Posted By Messy Shaw I too am struggling with the issue of AFD in common parts of flats. The fire service do like to code hug and will generally refer to the sleeping accommodation DCLG guide or Lacors guide - both of which tend to lean towards fitting AFD. However the report following the fire in Stevenage Herts which kiled 2 firefighters and a resident recommends that AFD in common parts is avoided if regular false actuations are likely to result. My view is that I start with the default position of having no fire alarm system. Then I try to justify that position by considering the fire separation (especially between flats and in service risers), the maintenance regime in the building including the standard of housekeeping, the likelihood of false actuations and the history of fires at the address (including rubbish chute fires which may actuate the alarms despite the incident being of low risk in terms of trapping persons). It's also worth throwing into the pot who & how would any actuation be handled? Who will silence and/or reset the system? (The fire service won't). If not considered now - before installation - any delays silencing the system may result with residents damaging the apparatus so they can get back to sleep! If it can be avoided I would suggest no AFD. This is a high risk strategy in terms of compliance, as a code hugging fire service inspector may simply apply the guidance in Lacors or DCLG guide without fully understanding the FRA process. As a result, the methodology and rationale behind any decision must be recorded for him/her to see (If they can be bothered). Alternatively, do what some fire service inspectors do and apply the guidance rigidly as if it were law. This will ensure that you get no bother later. It maintains your customer confidence in that you get no complaints and in any case, it costs you nothing to recommend a OTT AFD system. Not the most professional approach, but many fire consultants are operating in this way - putting their own interests way ahead of their customers.
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#5 Posted : 16 May 2009 17:51:00(UTC)
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Posted By Adrian Watson There is no need to fit AFD in the common parts of blocks of flats, that have been designed and built around a "defend in place" strategy. Check out the B Regs App Doc B. Regards
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#6 Posted : 17 May 2009 10:21:00(UTC)
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Posted By Messy Shaw Whilst I agree with your approach Adrian, the issue is whether the building has been designed built and MAINTAINED to a standard suitable for defend in place. Many common parts of flats which are 'designed and buit' in this manner are regularly abused and others have been altered which affect separation standards.
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#7 Posted : 17 May 2009 12:49:00(UTC)
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Posted By Adrian Watson Agreed, Which takes you back to inspecting the premises and carrying out a assessment of the risks from fire. If a fire in the premises requires evacuation of the whole premises then a fire detection and warning system is required. Regards
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#8 Posted : 17 May 2009 18:52:00(UTC)
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Posted By seadog Thank you for these useful responses. I also wondered if a could guage opinion on whether you would recommend the installation of manual call points within the common areas. Whenever I have recommended a AFD system, in line with the Lacors guidance etc, the installation company appointed to install the systems have repeatedly claimed that the system is not adequate or 'non compliant' without incorporating manual call points. I feel that call points, particularly within larger council blocks would increase the liklihood of false alarms (potentially resulting in the system being tampered with or put in to silent mode). Any views would be appreciated. Many Thanks,
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#9 Posted : 18 May 2009 16:01:00(UTC)
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Posted By Richard Hammer It would seem that the main structure of the property has the correct protection of the escape routes, brick and concrete. However what are the standard of the front doors to each flat? have they self closers? Is there any plant in the property, i.e. lift motor room? (from what you have said I would assess that you only may have electrical cupboard by/near entrance in common hallway).Also what is the security like (intercom system?)and surrounding environment for the potential of arson etc. As mentioned the enforcing fire officers in general seem to go for a least a LD2 system, and it would be up to you to argue your case of not fitting a AFD (which in some cases gets you nowhere I am afraid). I would on first impressions go for a Grade D (no panel required)LD2 system. Grade A would need to be in line with the type in BS5839-1 and you will have the problems of having the correct Db levels of sounders a bed head rest in each flat (access issues etc). As mentioned no point having a AFD if no one will hear it in the flats. The thing is you cannot control if tenants have battery smoke alarms in flats or if they check them (advise leaflets on good fire safety practices is a start and can be obtained from BS9999 and sent to all tenants). So in the event of fire in a flat, if the person is unable to raise the alarm you can not guarantee to passive fire protection structures in place due to not being in line with current building regulations, if person does escape there is a risk the door being left open, you also have possible electrical faults if you have electrical cupboards in common areas or any plant areas, arson is another which needs to be assessed. As mentioned most enforcers treat the guidelines as Law which does not leave much flexibility in what we should advise as consultants. Very much a grey area.
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