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Fieldwork on Moors/urban areas - lone working query.
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Posted By jj88
Dear All,
I work at a University in the UK and am interested to know what other universities insist on when staff undertake work on sites such as Moorland/rural areas. Our policy currently requires a risk assessment to be completed before work. Currnetly, after assessing the risk due to location, remoteness etc. we decide whether lone working can be undertaken. I have heard, however, that other institutions may have a blanked policy of no lone working on these types of sites.
I would be interested to hear from people at other Universities if they have a blanket policy of no lone working, and how this affects their research activities.
Yours,
John
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Posted By Andrew Kurdziel
We are not a university but we do have loads of people working out in 'the field'. Lone working is defiantly one of my headaches. Basically what we have done is:
1. All fieldwork is risk assessed. The team leaders must establish that lone working is necessary and that precautions can be taken to reduce the risk.
2. If lone working is the only option then, they must adopt certain basic controls including:
· Always carrying a mobile phone
· Having a buddy system, ie someone at base who knows that a person is out in the field and can raise the alarm if they are overdue.
· The team must have a response plan for people if someone goes missing. The nature of the response depends on the team. Some teams have local knowledge and are capable of mounting their own search; others need to contact the police straight away.
If you decide to contact the police you must have an agreed protocol because you must be able to convince them that this is an emergency that requires their response. Simply saying a person is missing is not always enough.
Personally we have been looking at equipping our fieldworkers with some sort of tracking devices but at present the cost is beyond our budget.
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Posted By jj88
Hi Andrew,
Thanks for your responce. Your proceedure is very similar to our current system...though we haven't thought about placing tracking devises on staff. Interesting thought, but wouldn't go down well!!
Yours,
john
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Posted By Graham Bullough
Last year in connection with the centenary celebrations of the geography department at which I was a student in the early 1970s I came across its fieldwork safety guidelines which can be accessed at
http://www.sheffield.ac....phy/students/ughb/safety
These guidelines seem fairly comprehensive and most if not all UK universities and colleges probably have similar guidelines. The guidelines make an interesting contrast to what prevailed in the 1970s (before the 1974 Act took effect in 1975) when I and fellow students spent numerous days carrying out solo fieldwork in remote and wild areas for geology and geomorphology dissertations. We were probably given rudimentary written guidelines for solo and group fieldwork. Also, our lecturers and tutors no doubt assessed our behaviour and equipment, etc. during group field trips and gave verbal advice if and when appropriate.
Though most of the precautions described in the current guidelines were well established and observed in the 1970s, mobile phones weren't even a concept and wouldn’t become commonly available until the late 1990s. It’s pertinent to note that mobile phones (and walkie-talkie radios, etc) cannot be relied upon in mountain and moorland areas because of poor coverage and/or “radio shadows” caused by topography.
It is probably true to say that there were no risk assessment forms and grantings or withholdings of consents for solo fieldwork by students and lecturers, etc. of any UK university or college in the 1970s and perhaps for a significant time afterwards. Please can any forum users involved with universities or colleges, or who know current and recent students of subjects which include fieldwork, respond to say whether such students usually get consent for solo field work? Also, in order to get this topic in proper perspective, is there any information available as to the numbers of students and lecturers who carry out solo fieldwork in wild remote locations versus the numbers who are injured or killed during such work?
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Posted By John Donaldson
John
You don’t say which University you are with.
If your University are not a members of the Universities Safety and Health Association I would suggest they join.
Have a look at www.usha.org.uk
There are excellent networking links and all are very willing to share information with other universities
There have been many discussions regarding field work and lone working taking place in the UK and abroad.
Regards
John
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Posted By John Donaldson
Graham
In response to your questions
If any student is carrying out any field work whether solo or in a group they would have to get consent for the work.
The work would have to be linked to their course, at which ever level, be it a First or Higher Degree.
If the work was not approved by their Supervisor it would be invalid.
I was involved with the HE Sector for close on 25 years and yes some field work is carried out in what might be called dangerous areas and war zones.
To my knowledge no one was killed or seriously injured while involved in such work.
Yes there have been a well few well publicised occasions when, tragically, students have been killed.
The two incidents I recall involved what I would call recreational activities and not field work associated with a programme of study.
I hope this puts it into perspective
Regards
John
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Posted By steven bentham
jj88
and here is me going up into the hills with my dog for a walk without all the consent forms, risk assessments, training, approval from my supervisor etc . .
Steve and Spike
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Posted By Graham Bullough
John D
Thanks for your information which, among other things, implies that solo fieldwork is still undertaken and may well be the norm for most students who carry out fieldwork as the basis for personal projects related to courses or postgraduate research. Your comments about the apparent absence of serious or fatal injuries during fieldwork echo the impression from other sources that current arrangements and precautions for such activities involving UK students are effective. If this is true, fieldwork has an impressive safety record, though sadly this would not be regarded as newsworthy by the media and general public. Another aspect of this is that students of geology, geomorphology and other subjects which involve fieldwork are evidently responsible and sensible people who generally understand and heed precautions while out in the wilds. By contrast, a selection of publicised tragedies over the years has shown that, sadly, the same can’t always be said of some students when engaged in recreational activities in adverse environments, whether as members of student clubs/societies or just with student friends.
When I first saw the heading for this thread I wondered if John jj88 had mistakenly typed “urban” instead of “rural”. However, after some thought, I reckon that some urban environments, whether abroad or even in some parts of the UK, might well pose significantly more risk to lone students (e.g. traffic, muggings, etc) than mountainous/remote environments do.
Hope Steve Bentham and Spike enjoyed their recent walk in the hills. Steve’s response prompts me to wonder what proportion of students take pet dogs with them during solo fieldwork and perhaps consider them as being a precaution. Judging from several memorials I’ve seen in remote parts of Derbyshire and the Lake District, it seems that dogs cannot be relied upon to go and get help for owners who have accidents or succumb to hypothermia. The memorials commemorate dogs who loyally (or even doggedly) stayed with their masters for weeks or months, even after their masters’ deaths, when surely it would have been better for them to have headed for civilisation and then led people back to their masters. However, my knowledge of dog psychology is admittedly scant and perhaps I watched too many episodes of “Lassie” and similar TV programmes when I was a kid. On the other hand, it’s possible that some dogs have played a part in helping rescuers find their owners: If the owners have been found alive or not long after death, presumably no memorials would have been erected.
p.s. Forum users may be intrigued to know that when I used the spellchecker on this response, it challenged "Derbyshire" and offered "Debauchery" as one of the alternatives!
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Posted By John Donaldson
Graham,
Yes urban environments can be more challenging that those which normally come to mind, such as moors and mountains.
I used to regularly point out to Social Science Faculties that conducting a survey in a High Street at Midday probably presented no undue risks.
But conducting it at Midnight on a Friday or Saturday when the Night Clubs were turning out, well then they have to think very carefully about managing the risks.
John
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Posted By jj88
Graham & co,
Thanks for your input. As you have noted Graham, I did make a mistake, had meant rural...though we do have the situations highlighted with our urban activities. One main problem is getting colleagues who undertake questionnaires etc. to see that this falls under our "fieldwork" activities and requires a risk assessment to be completed.
In a way i'd agree that safety records for our fieldwork are very good. I do, however, wonder how many near misses there are in the field which I don't hear about.
John D - thanks for the link to the USHA. I'm sure our University is a member, but will have a look through the site.
I supppose my biggest concern is getting the right balance between activities which are low risk and can be undertaken with lone working (as long as relevent safety contacts etc. are in place), and those that are of a higher risk which should not be undertaken alone. I'm also faced with the "in the past" attitude of some staff who have always done fieldwork in a certain way and encourage their students to undertake the same work patterns, which may not always be the most sensible. I don't wish to adopt a no-lone work policy, but was interested to see if other institutions had implemented this.
Many thanks for the input.
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Posted By steven bentham
Just for the record, Spike is a Border Terrier with an inbuilt thermal/waterproof coat so he is fine in all weathers, I prefer berghaus. Sat Nav + compass + map + mobile etc are all carried.
The point to be made is many walk safely on moors and low hills with dog solo.
Whilst walking in June up one of the Munroes we came across about 10 University students dressed for a Sunday walk in normal shoes with no waterproofs etc. 30 minutes before it had been thick mist and hail!
I am sure the Unversity risk assessments and paperwork were all in place!!
Its not the lone working what's the main issue to walking on the moors!
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Posted By Tanya Boyce
Having lived and worked on Dartmoor one of the simple things the rescue teams down there encourage is that people wear something bright (high vis or similar) or get a high vis rucksack cover (available from all good walking/camping stores). That way if something does happen they are much easier to spot, in particular from the air. Someone lying in dark heather in a dark coat with a dark green rucksack is hard to see either on foot or from the air.
Simple, cheap and sensible for work and recreation.
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Posted By Graham Bullough
As an extension of Tanya’s good advice about people venturing into remote locations having the capacity to be effectively visible to searchers, I suggest taking a lightweight headlamp or bicycle lamp with reasonably bright LEDs which can be set to flash mode. The flashes would be reasonably effective during dull daylight conditions as well as at night – provided that mist/fog is not present to reduce their visibility. In sunny weather, something reflective could be shuggled (gently shaken) in order to flash reflections of sunlight at searchers. Even a square of silver coated plastic cut from the bag of a bag-in-a-box wine would probably do the job. (How’s that for a good excuse to sample some wine?! Those who enjoy backpacking and bothying trips will probably know that de-wined bags make good strong lightweight water carriers. A stanley knife can be used to cut the first ring from the spigot (“male” bit) of the stopper/pourer device if necessary to make it easier to remove from the corresponding “female” bit of the bag.) Precision compasses (such as the lightweight compass/clinometer I bought in 1973 for my student solo geology mapping project and still in good condition) usually contain plastic sighting mirrors which could serve as reflectors.
Steve Bentham mentions seeing a group of grossly ill-equipped students up a Munro (term for any Scottish mountain over 3000 feet high - or 914.4 metres if you prefer). As it seems that students and lecturers engaged in fieldwork tend observe basic precautions, including the wearing of appropriate footwear and taking of wind/waterproofs, I suspect that the group was an informal one engaged in recreation rather than education.
Steve's experience reminds me that in 1971 while walking in Derbyshire on Kinder Scout (a 2000 feet high wild moorland plateau) a friend and I were surprised to see a nun in full breeze-billowing robes with a group of children near the Downfall, a very large and impressive waterfall. We couldn’t see what footwear she was wearing because it was concealed by the robes. Fortunately the weather stayed warm, dry and sunny all day, so hopefully the nun and the children came to no harm. As anyone with experience of mountains and moorland can confirm, weather conditions can change very quickly and catch out ill-equipped people.
p.s. Talking of Munros my missus and I are looking forward to a fortnight’s holiday soon in the far north west of Scotland and hope to enjoy some new (for us) Munros and other mountains there - after building up our fitness with some lower level walks. I’m not yet sure which mountains we’ll climb - we’re spoilt for choice - but hope to include Ben More Assynt and Conival.
p.p.s. When I used the spellchecker on this response it challenged "Derbyshire" as before, but also offered "debauchee" as well as "debauchery" among the alternatives. What would the denizens of Derbyshire infer from this? The spellchecker also challenged "shuggle" (a good Scottish word) and suggested a somewhat dubious word as one of the alternatives!
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Posted By steven bentham
The incident of University students I encountered was on the 6th June 2009 on Ben Vorlich {Loch Earn].
It was my first Munro [check out Munro Magic web site] we were planning to go onto Stuc a Chroin on the same trip, but the weather came in with thick mist and hail.
As we came down we met a long spread out group, the middle and back of the group with normal shoes and light coates or hoodies, essentially town gear. Despite telling every single person the conditions at the top they all went on. The last girl was struggling to keep on her feet so I donated a walking stick to her.
The leader met us back at the bottom without his group!
This was my first Muro and I'll be back next year for more. Perhaps with Spike.
My starting point to JJ88 its not the risk assessments and permissions paperwork you need, look in any walking or guide book and it describes the conditions to be faced and what you need. Lone working is not the safety issue.
P.S. Search Munro Magic site and look at Stuc a Chroin - Its better than what your reading now.
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