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I'm currently carrying out research work into 'Slips & trips' in the workplace and looking into how suitable & sufficient our risk assessments really are. For example do we consider in enough detail our control measures that are in place or need to be in place to suitably control slip potential. I would be especially interested in how many health & safety professionals identify the 'coefficient of friction' of an existing floor to determine the level of risk and slip potential that persons are exposed to.
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Have to be honest, we've only gone as far as the Kenny to give us a feeling for significant issues. Even then it's usually after an incident; our local risk assessments tend to look at everything but the floor's properties.
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what i did was limit the floor exposure for spillage and then replace the floor areas to minimise the liklyhood of slips. It is possable to get the flooring tested but the cost tends to be more than the resolution
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You might also ask as part of your research
"where slips or slippery floors are identified in risk assessments, what organisations opted for the cheapest mitigation against best mitigation until an actual slip occurred?"
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I suspect for most practitioners slips, trips and falls only get a cursory review. The reason being that many of us work in industries where we work with much higher risks, plus S,T&Fs are difficult to control eg construction sites.
Slip testing is only really practical in large areas where the public are likely to gather, otherwise as been mentioned previously, the costs outweigh the potential benefits.
Crack on.
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Our floors like most people’s floors are ok as long as they are dry. Once they get wet then all bets are off. So rather than spend time deciding on the optimum flooring material we should be looking at ways of:
a. Preventing them from getting wet, eg making sure that liquids are always transported in closed vessels (including cups of tea and coffee!) and fitting decent mats at the entrances.
b. Having a decent system for reporting and dealing with spillages.
Most of our slips and trips occur outdoors but that’s another story.
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One of the things i am currently studying is how can we suitably assess whether the floor is low risk when dry. How do we collect and validate suitable data on which we base our assessment? The reason for me carrying my study is that i have found that most H&S proffesionals focus most of their effortds on cleaning regimes and prevention of spills as you mention, however they do not carry out the HSE recommended guidance, i.e use of specialised equipment to measure the CoF (Coefficient of friction) measurement of the floor surface itself which could present a slip hazard in its current dry state as well as wet.
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But surely the CoF is dependent on the footwear that people are wearing. So unless you are in a controlled environment where everyone is wearing the same brand and make of shoe this becomes a bit of a moot point.
At the moment in my workplace (a very large office based building) we have people walking around in anything from 4 inch stilletto shoes to flip flops.
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Very good point regarding the footwear. because there are so many variables with this, (even the footwear claiming anti slip properties are very rarely backed up with reliable data) there is even more focus on the measuring tools required to measure correct CoF and to reduce the slip risk. My current studies have lead me to the 'Pendulum slip tester' which is the only piece of equipment recommended by the HSE. Is there anyone who has experience of this tool?
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As the title says - "Slips & Trips - are we doing enough". In a word, No !!
I've recently sent out an FOI request to local councils throughout the UK asking:
a. The total number of business premises that fall within your control
b. The total number of businesses that you have conducted slip resistance
testing upon
c. The methodology of slip resistance test carried out
d. The resultant figures obtained from tests carried out
e. The follow up action carried out as a result of tests
f. The total number of reported slip accidents that you have received.
Responses are still coming in daily (I will publish to a Blog when complete) but with only one or two exceptions (Out of around 70 responses) the answers are a big fat zero to any kind of testing. This is from Council H&S/EHO departments!!
Be under no illusions - H&S is being driven by the Insurance industry NOT the HSE. So unless you're subject to a steady stream of Personal Injury claimants, I'll be stunned if you come under pressure from the HSE enforcement side of things. The only pressure (in my experience) that businesses come under is from their Insurers when they come to renew their Public Liabilities policy. Try having 2-3 car crashes in a year and see how your premiums rise!
As for measurement of COF - I test floors for PI solicitors and Loss adjusters on a daily basis, expert witness in Courts etc etc - and have never been asked the COF. I know how to arrive at it and always publish it in my CPR (para 35) compliant reports, BUT all the client (on either side) is ever interested in is the Pendulum Test value (sometimes refered to as SRV) in the wet as defined by the Pendulum test. Forget the Kenny, it's utterly utterly pointless. Rz tells you nothing
I was recently in Court against a well known Supermarket who put up a big legal team against me to prove that their much vaunted cleaning regime was excellent and they were in no-way to blame for Mrs X's injuries. I pointed out that cleaning the surfaces 10 times a day was not going to raise the PTV of an R9 tile to above 36 - EVER. Quite simply, their Architects/FMs had specified the wrong rating of floor tile. I won substantial damages for the Claimant.
Need any advice? - drop me a PM. Always happy to help
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I work for a high street retailer 80% of our customer and 30% of our colleague accidents relate to slips and trips.
Slips being the real challenge!!
We are having a massive focus on this due to the numbers involved so what have we been doing:
1) Working with the HSL to look at floor surface slipperiness in the dry / wet - pendulum test.
2) Following these results develop a floor specification for refits moving forward.
3) We have developed a store specification i.e. entrance matting specification / size / entrance lobby spec for tiles.
4) Development of a new slips policy.
5) Store team training / guidance on the correct way to clean spillages i.e. different products spillage.
6) Trialling a new spills kit for stores.
7) All RIDDOR (including over 3 days) related slips and trips investigated including roughness test with a Surtronic Duo. Appropriate matting or external tiles are changed to the appropriate specification if a factor
We have not fully implemented step 4 and 5 as yet but these will be implemented in time. I feel with all this in place we can make a real impact on these slips accidents. The challenges are convincing the business to invest but with making them aware of the direct and indirect costs relating to the amount of product we need to sell to cover these costs.
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I must live and work on a different planet!
We are an utilities company (water) and our guys work outside in all weather conditions and in various terrain, e.g. steep hills, fields, riverbanks with mud, rain, dew, grass, wet leaves etc. therefore risk is high.
98% of this activity is not on our land / floors.
Control measures: we provide suitable (normal safety footwear) and are trialling walking poles + we trust our employees to take care.
One slip claim in last 3 years against company - slip in field, which the insurance company settled out of court since we had not completed a risk assessment !!
In our offices/stores: Risk is much lower and shoes used vary (dependant on wearer (including members of public at our customer accounts section) and external conditions). Control measures: we try to keep floors clean and dry (not always possible in yard / door entrances etc.)
Would we bother with CoF measurements / pendulum tests? Never in a million years. Could (would) we change the floor conditions internal / external if the values were deemed "unsafe" - No.
Like a car MOT, I doubt whether any measurements would be of any use if someone was to slip.
Let the insurers take the risk, its part of the overall risk management process which we H&S professionals / managers should take.
All the best to those of you who have the time / inclination / moneys to do all this work / effort.
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I would be far more interested in a study of why people actually slip and hurt themselves. I suspect the coefficient of friction for either the floor or the footwear is a relatively minor factor. Instead, the risk of slipping is increased if the coefficient of friction is less than expected.
For example, I know I can walk across a sheet of ice without hurting myself. Because I know it is slippery I will walk accordingly. However, if I encounter a patch of ice unexpectedly, possibly because a section of path has been in the shade all day, I will not be expecting it and so far more likely to fall.
Same, if I enter a posh hotel or office with a very smooth and highly polished I will expect it to be slippery. If the floor looks rough I will not be so cautious. So if its coefficient of friction does not match its visual appearance the risks will be much greater.
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Our only "serious injury was a lass who fell over in the car park.
When I sugggested that her 4" heels might be a factor, I was evidently being a sexist who wanted to oppress women.
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andybz wrote:I suspect the coefficient of friction for either the floor or the footwear is a relatively minor factor. Instead, the risk of slipping is increased if the coefficient of friction is less than expected.
COF .v. Slip Probability here:
http://www.floorslip.co....pendulum-test-value.html
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FloorTester
I'm not sure how your web link addresses the issue I raise. Is allowance made for how people behave depending on how slippery they think a surface is going to be?
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andybz wrote:FloorTester
I'm not sure how your web link addresses the issue I raise. Is allowance made for how people behave depending on how slippery they think a surface is going to be?
If the floor in question is in a "Public Place", then regardless of any perceived view of its potential slipperiness, the floor MUST be above a PTV of 36 ( as defined by the UKSRG in conjunction with the HSE) in either a wet or dry condition. Above 36 - you comply: 35 & below, you're open to all sorts of litigation.
Sorry, those are the rules.
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This is not an issue I have ever dealt with. I'm interested in your reference to 'rules.'
According to the UKSRG website "There are various regulations that apply to different premises, and different activities, but essentially they all require that the floor is not slippery in normal use. None of the regulations define the level of slip resistance required, or the test protocols that should be followed."
In all aspects of H&S we need to be careful to differentiate between rules and guidelines.
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walker wrote:Our only "serious injury was a lass who fell over in the car park.
When I sugggested that her 4" heels might be a factor, I was evidently being a sexist who wanted to oppress women.
Was she issued with PPE footwear and chose not to use them?? If so, she's the author of her own misfortune
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I am not sure where FloorTester is coming from.
What legislation he is referring to?
There is a duty to assess risk and to apply controls so far as reasonably practicable.
The judgment in SUSAN ELLIS v BRISTOL CITY COUNCIL makes it clear if an area is likely to be slippery then action must be taken to deal with that issue, whatever the cause of the slippery surface eg patients regularly urinating on the floor. It does not imply that all surfaces at all times be slip resistant and it cannot as if you try hard enough there will be a time that virtually any surface can become slippery irrespective of what it is made of and what sort of shoes the person is wearing
And the issue of high heels in the car park (#14) - is Floortester expecting our organisation to offer the 800 people on our site a pair of safety shoes so that they walk safely across the carpark?
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Evans38004 wrote:I must live and work on a different planet!
We are an utilities company (water) and our guys work outside in all weather conditions and in various terrain, e.g. steep hills, fields, riverbanks with mud, rain, dew, grass, wet leaves etc. therefore risk is high.
98% of this activity is not on our land / floors.
Control measures: we provide suitable (normal safety footwear) and are trialling walking poles + we trust our employees to take care.
I'm particularly interested in the potential for walking poles as a method to reduce STF's in the great outdoors. How's the trial going and what are the cons you've encountered with this?
In terms of STF's then anything indoors has got to be fairly easy to manage on a day to day basis with some good process in place. That's not to say there's not issues but I'd welcome the ability to effectively manage and control the risks within an office environment. Additionally, there's a lot to be said for carpet tiling!
The big problem we face is that our staff are exposed to loose and uneven underfoot conditions daily and that's just one of the challenges.
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A Kurdziel wrote:I am not sure where FloorTester is coming from.
What legislation he is referring to?
There is a duty to assess risk and to apply controls so far as reasonably practicable.
The judgment in SUSAN ELLIS v BRISTOL CITY COUNCIL makes it clear if an area is likely to be slippery then action must be taken to deal with that issue, whatever the cause of the slippery surface eg patients regularly urinating on the floor. It does not imply that all surfaces at all times be slip resistant and it cannot as if you try hard enough there will be a time that virtually any surface can become slippery irrespective of what it is made of and what sort of shoes the person is wearing
And the issue of high heels in the car park (#14) - is Floortester expecting our organisation to offer the 800 people on our site a pair of safety shoes so that they walk safely across the carpark?
Don't shoot the messenger. Merely trying to point out the guidelines in place that "could" come back to haunt you if you get into any kind of litigation. You would not believe some of the "Statement of truths" I 've seen in CPR reports - on both the Claimant AND Defendants side.
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I am not that worried about our floors or carparks but I am concerned about slips trips and falls out inn the foiled. I have staff working on farms, forestry, and moorland in fact any sort of terrain. I’d be interested in finding out from Evans post #12 about walking poles. Are they any use? And will people use them? After all they might be seen as just another piece of kit to carry.
PS We have had an incident out in the field and the individuals lawyers tried to imply that the Workplace regs- reg 12 ‘Condition of floors and traffic routes’ applied to a farmers field despite the fact the reg 3(4) of the above regs specifically excludes farmland and reg 4 makes it clear that the requirement only applies to areas under the employer control (we are not farmers). Makes you wonder how their minds work.
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Interesting point about the outdoors! I know building contractors still have to apply reg 12 2 a even for access & egress onto a site. So how do you deal with bad weather situations where your staff are out at Farms especially at Hilly farms?
To back up Floor tester - Its about minimising internally the Slips trips and falls by making an informed judgement as to what type of flooring you are going to lay- For us in the NHS we have other guidance docs we have to comply to HTMs (Health term memorandums) or in Scotland SHTMs. To ignore the floor at design conception / fitting/and subsequesnt use is leaving yourself wide open and to be honest the whole area of flooring is becoming a specialism in itself.
A health authority hear in Scotland were proscecuted because they had let a contractor lay thousands of square feet of a flooring without considering activity use/ flow through etc and that was before a patient had even stepped through the door! AS to the memeber on hear who likens testing to an MOT then all I can say is dont MOT your car and see where it gets you next time you are randomly stopped by the police.
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Sorry my spelling is appalling today! here & hear
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oK thanks for all of the comments so far. Very helpful comments. As i imagined there are many issues out there in the workplace with regards slips and as i am experiencing, plenty to go on. I know that insurers are particularly interested in this subject as claims are rocketing. My studies so far have also shown evidence that should the Pendulum Slip Tester be used by organisations and the resulting data is above a mean average of 46 then claims tand little chance of success. Maybe an opportunity to reduce premiums should organisations such as the public sector (e.g.Hospitals) reduce risk by first measuring the CoF by using the Pendulum Slip Tester then complying with recommendations should the results indicate high risk
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Clough34690 wrote: My studies so far have also shown evidence that should the Pendulum Slip Tester be used by organisations and the resulting data is above a mean average of 46 then claims tand little chance of success.
The level set is 36 not 46 - wet & dry
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Pole trial went OK - except very mild winter so little ice this year. No slips reported. Employees were instructed to use the pole as-and-when required. Whether they actually used them we will never know - but at least we were seen to care for their safety and listening to their concerns!
Further prrof to our insurers that we are doing what is reasonably practicable.
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Evans38004 wrote:Pole trial went OK - except very mild winter so little ice this year. No slips reported. Employees were instructed to use the pole as-and-when required. Whether they actually used them we will never know - but at least we were seen to care for their safety and listening to their concerns!
Further prrof to our insurers that we are doing what is reasonably practicable.
Yes it's all about exercising your "Duty of Care" to your employees. You've provided the equipment, if they choose to leave it in the van then it's their problem. As you say - reasonably practicable.
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Evans38004 wrote:Pole trial went OK - except very mild winter so little ice this year. No slips reported. Employees were instructed to use the pole as-and-when required. Whether they actually used them we will never know - but at least we were seen to care for their safety and listening to their concerns!
Further prrof to our insurers that we are doing what is reasonably practicable.
So you issued poles but didn’t check to see that staff were using them?
Did you train staff to use them?
I know it sounds stupid but I am imagining a scenario where someone trips and injures their back. When their lawyers ask what you did to mitigate the risks of a fall and you say ‘issuing walking poles’ the next question they will ask is ‘Were they trained to use them correctly band do you have evidence that they were using them correctly?’
Can also imagine a scenario where someone turns around and says ‘I tripped and injured my back because as well as my usual kit I was also made to carry a set of walking poles, which were useless’
This job makes you cynical.
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O yes - 3 days course organised by NEBOSH on how to walk + certificate
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RayRapp wrote:I suspect for most practitioners slips, trips and falls only get a cursory review. The reason being that many of us work in industries where we work with much higher risks, plus S,T&Fs are difficult to control eg construction sites.
Slip testing is only really practical in large areas where the public are likely to gather, otherwise as been mentioned previously, the costs outweigh the potential benefits.
Crack on.
It is true that many people feel that the cost of slip testing outweighs the benefits. That could explain why slips have become the biggest cause of major injuries. You may also wish to factor in some serious long term costs that can arise from slip risks. A major construction company contacted us last week about a car park they built 3 years ago. The building owners are having repeated slip accidents and claims and threatening to sue the builder. No testing was done when the floor was new. It is now costing both sides a lot of money.
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Evans38004 wrote:I must live and work on a different planet!
We are an utilities company (water) and our guys work outside in all weather conditions and in various terrain, e.g. steep hills, fields, riverbanks with mud, rain, dew, grass, wet leaves etc. therefore risk is high.
98% of this activity is not on our land / floors.
Control measures: we provide suitable (normal safety footwear) and are trialling walking poles + we trust our employees to take care.
One slip claim in last 3 years against company - slip in field, which the insurance company settled out of court since we had not completed a risk assessment !!
In our offices/stores: Risk is much lower and shoes used vary (dependant on wearer (including members of public at our customer accounts section) and external conditions). Control measures: we try to keep floors clean and dry (not always possible in yard / door entrances etc.)
Would we bother with CoF measurements / pendulum tests? Never in a million years. Could (would) we change the floor conditions internal / external if the values were deemed "unsafe" - No.
Like a car MOT, I doubt whether any measurements would be of any use if someone was to slip.
Let the insurers take the risk, its part of the overall risk management process which we H&S professionals / managers should take.
All the best to those of you who have the time / inclination / moneys to do all this work / effort.
One of the other posts on here refers to the human ability to determine slippery surfaces and adjust our walking accordingly. Outdoors in a natural environment and wearing sensible safetyu shoes we can do that remarkably well = far better than the best robotic walker.
However your MOT and insurance analogy is interesting and relevant for man-made flooring. No inusrance company will insure a car without an MOT and the same should apply to floors. It is not always possible to tell when a floor is slippery and that is why slips account for 10,000+ major injuries every year.
Your advice to let insuarance companies pick up the tab is one reason why the level of major injuries caused by slipping has risen year on year for the last 7 years. Insurance companies should force businesses to conduct MOT's for floors.
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Slips... are we doing enough?
Clearly not... 10,000+ major injuries and growing year on year suggests we do not do enough to manage slip risks.
Every organisation should define the level of slip resistance required for all new floors, should monitor slip risks and should train staff to appreciate slip risks. In every other area of health and safety we will have procedures, monitoring and training. In relative terms slip monitoring is very low cost - a shopping mall with 100,000 square meters of floor will spend £millions on cleaning + maintenance of floors. A £1000 spend on slip testing could save them on claims, insurance and on wasted activity that results from slip incidents.
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Rank: Super forum user
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I'm in the mood to play devils' Advocate,
so, I've just read through the whole of this thread and a question occurs to me..... Somewhere recently there was a report that Whiplash injuries following RTA's are an almost unique injury in the UK - other European countries etc just don't seem to have them; so, are slips trips and falls as prevalent in Europe, the USA, Canada, Australia as here in the UK? Evidence please
Jim
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Related to another thread re: postmen slipping on pavements. There must be a great opportunity for someone to make a fortune measuring the coefficient of friction for all pavements / driveways across the country
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There was a story recently about an EL claim following a slip:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pr...mages&cr=08-May-2012
The thing that stood out for me was the HSE inspector's comment that the floors:
“... should have been tested for their slip-risk and consideration given to replacing any high risk surfaces...”
The use of "should" in here made me sit up - no mention was made of testing being one option to consider as part of a reasonable risk-based approach to managing slips. There are a million things we *could* test in our workplaces but surely we should focus on the most significant? This may mean testing floors is a sensible thing in some workplaces, but to say that everyone should do it as a matter of course is surely just pandering to the actions of some who see every residual risk as a failing?
As mentioned in another thread - we don't measure the speed of airborne particles putting grinding machine operators at risk. We do, however, measure personal dust exposure at our quarry. These decisions are made on a combination of perceived risk, uniqueness of the activity, availability of industry-wide info, etc etc.
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Evans38004 wrote:Related to another thread re: postmen slipping on pavements. There must be a great opportunity for someone to make a fortune measuring the coefficient of friction for all pavements / driveways across the country
We've had instructions already !!
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