In the overall scheme of a risk assessment, how are small individual hand washing water heaters assessed? They have a spray head, they heat water (at various temperatures) instantaneously, ie no stored water and are fed from the main water supply. I would classify them as low risk because:Mains fed, No stored water, Used daily, Small spray pattern and directed towards sink, No small spray particles Spray heads cleaned at least weekly (sometimes more often). Only detractor is the temperature which is set by the user for comfort and could fall into the "at risk range", but for only a short period. Any comments/suggestions?

Just keep in mind that water temperature for hand washing should not exceed 40 deg. C, otherwise the barrier function of the skin will be adversely affected. It is also important that hands are at least rinsed in running water to ensure that adequate removal of cleanser and soiling can be achieved. This is sometimes a problem where a separate hot water heater and cold supply exist. Chris