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bob youel  
#1 Posted : 08 April 2013 10:49:12(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
bob youel

A question for you electrical experts out there

"What are the limitations /problems with PAT testing - does the act of PAT testing ensure that the equipment is safe?"

Thanks in anticipation
allanwood  
#2 Posted : 08 April 2013 11:12:00(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
allanwood

Bob

Surely its only "safe" at the time that it is tested, as in practice it could be damaged as soon as it is put to use following the test procedure.

following the "PAT test" the user of such equipment should make pre-use and in use inspections at regular intervals to check for any possible damage.

Allan
jde  
#3 Posted : 08 April 2013 11:13:15(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
jde

Bob like most testing inspection regimes the P.A.T only gives confirmation of electrical integrity on the date of inspection. Obviously the normal insulation , earth bonding etc are tested as are the state of the tool and leads. Once PAT the normal daily user checks become the normal testing, i.e no damage to outer insulation, plug / sockets etc, etc.

So in answer to the question, yes, PAT confirms that the tool is safe (electrically) to be used as long as the user regularly checks the condition of it for damage as work progresses and the days go by until the next scheduled test.
teh_boy  
#4 Posted : 08 April 2013 11:35:47(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
teh_boy

As an aside

I was in a static caravan last week (80's holiday joy)

The company was a reputable one
The kettle had a current PAT sticker (we were first people in this year)
The caravan had RCD protection + current test displayed
I inspected ALL electrical appliances before use (I am very sad)

Half way through making a cup of tea at 6.30am (that's what happens if you have a baby) the kettle turned into a fire works display - shorting from the centre of the lead to the sink.

I waited for the RCD - it din't trip
The lead caught fire

Fun was had by all

I think that sums it up!

(To give credit to the caravan site we had an electrical contractor testing everything at 7.30am!!! No faults found, other than the cremated lead....
bob youel  
#5 Posted : 08 April 2013 13:20:45(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
bob youel

thanks for the replies to date

what I was really after is the technical aspects e.g. what are the real limitations
Rob_Spindler  
#6 Posted : 08 April 2013 14:46:05(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Rob_Spindler

Hi,

I personally think that PAT testing is abit pointless. The problem is that when someone sees a PAT sticker on an appliance's plug they assume that the appliance is "safe" so do not carry out the user checks.

Recently my vacuum cleaner at home suddenly stopped working. It gave a rather big flash when plugged in so I PAT tested it....It passed!!! when I took the thing apart the motor was sitting in a huge puddle of water.

So in answer to your question no PAT testing does not guarantee that the appliance is safe. (in my opinion)
wolrad  
#7 Posted : 08 April 2013 15:01:33(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
wolrad

I too dont see the point and the HSE guidance does point out that low wattage items that dont get thrown around much dont really need testing though they suggest some items being done every 5 years which would reduce the income of some testers! But in answer to the original question am I right in thinking the test only checks the earth works correctly? I am not a sparky!!
David Bannister  
#8 Posted : 08 April 2013 16:13:35(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
David Bannister

PAT has very limited value if carried out by a numptie but can be very beneficial if the tester is competent.
Johnmann  
#9 Posted : 08 April 2013 17:30:36(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Johnmann

wolrad wrote:
I too dont see the point and the HSE guidance does point out that low wattage items that dont get thrown around much dont really need testing though they suggest some items being done every 5 years which would reduce the income of some testers! But in answer to the original question am I right in thinking the test only checks the earth works correctly? I am not a sparky!!


No, insulation resistance is also tested. The visual inspection will check that the enclosure and leads are in good condition and that the fuse is the correct value.

But you are of course only testing these specific things.
Zimmy  
#10 Posted : 08 April 2013 18:40:59(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Zimmy

6 I hope you're not an electrician Mr Spindler as what you have written is, of course, Rubbish! You may have thought that you have tested it but \I can promise you that you missed a bit.

It is plain to see that the unit was NOT tested correctly. A full P.A.T. would have included a 'run' test, continuity (and not just talking earth continuity either) etc. Let someone who knows how to carry out such testing and not some half trained 'Spark'. As ever here, people who don't have much of an idea are chipping in with all sorts of nonsense. Please, remove this if you think I'm out of order but when someone gets burned/dead please have the decency to inform me :-)
Zimmy  
#11 Posted : 08 April 2013 19:03:26(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Zimmy

To TECH BOY at #$

If the RCD didn't trip and when tested the following morning and no fault was found with it then the electrical fault was most prob a combined line & neutral fault to earth. That way the RCD could not trip if it wanted too.

The means of earthing is prob a TT so...

If there was a Line to E or N to E then the RCD should have tripped. However, in a Line to neutral fault the over current device should have opened. Again if a line to earth fault with a failed RCD occured then the overcurrent device may not open due the the current flow to earth may have being too low to open the device yet enough to start a fire. (Ohns law etc) . I'm not at all sure that the electrician is being honest here as a problem like that should have had a proper investigation and an answer for you.

In fact, the 'electrician' may not be what he/she seems :-)
teh_boy  
#12 Posted : 09 April 2013 09:29:12(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
teh_boy

zimmy wrote:
To TECH BOY at #$

In fact, the 'electrician' may not be what he/she seems :-)


Thanks Zimmy
That's the sort of info I wanted!

The guy had a van with his name on it so must have been proper :)
Zimmy  
#13 Posted : 09 April 2013 12:58:07(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Zimmy

Put it this way if you like....

If he/she knew what they were doing you would have had a reason for the fault :-)
Canopener  
#14 Posted : 09 April 2013 13:32:03(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Canopener

That any ‘point in time’ test, inspection, examination, servicing etc (LOLER TE, MOT, NDT, aircraft BF etc etc) has limitations is obvious, but that doesn’t mean that they don’t have a part to play in an overall management/maintenance system, whether that is for electrical equipment or any other equipment.

As far as electrical maintenance is concerned, depending on the equipment and the circumstances, a combination (where necessary) of testing, formal inspection, pre-use checks is part of an overall maintenance regime.
Rob_Spindler  
#15 Posted : 11 April 2013 11:28:35(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Rob_Spindler

Zimmy,

I am an electrician and qualified PAT tester. The point I was trying to make (admittedly not very well) was that you cannot rely solely on PAT testing to ensure that an appliance is "safe".
hserc  
#16 Posted : 11 April 2013 11:40:25(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
hserc

Someone once told me you did not have to PAT test anything that was double-insulated and had the appropriate symbol on it.
Grizzly  
#17 Posted : 11 April 2013 11:50:05(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Grizzly

Rob_Spindler wrote:
...you cannot rely solely on PAT testing to ensure that an appliance is "safe".


That sentence kind of sums it all up.
No, you can solely rely on 'PAT testing' to ensure safety, but what is it that people mean when they say 'PAT test'?
Formal visual inspection and appropriate electrical tests?

As we all know by now, that's only part of the story, and In-service Inspection and Testing not only covers combined inspection and testing, but also regular formal visual inspection routines and regular user checks.

So could we say 'you can rely solely on ISI&T (in it's entirety) to ensure that an appliance is safe'?
Probably yes.

The title of this thread should be changed to: Limitations of using the term 'PAT testing' :)
Grizzly  
#18 Posted : 11 April 2013 11:51:25(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Grizzly

hserc wrote:
Someone once told me you did not have to PAT test anything that was double-insulated and had the appropriate symbol on it.


Then that person hasn't understood the guidance properly.
It's not as cut-and-dried as that.
hserc  
#19 Posted : 11 April 2013 12:11:34(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
hserc

Grizzly wrote:
hserc wrote:
Someone once told me you did not have to PAT test anything that was double-insulated and had the appropriate symbol on it.


Then that person hasn't understood the guidance properly.
It's not as cut-and-dried as that.


What guidance? indg236 supports that view: "Class II equipment does not need an earth connection to maintain safety. It will not need a portable appliance test..."

I'm not trying to contradict, but which guidance gives an alternative view?
KevinMinton  
#20 Posted : 11 April 2013 13:54:22(UTC)
Rank: New forum user
KevinMinton

hserc wrote:


What guidance? indg236 supports that view: "Class II equipment does not need an earth connection to maintain safety. It will not need a portable appliance test..."

I'm not trying to contradict, but which guidance gives an alternative view?


INDG236 has the answers you are seeking within it. Note that: (1) it is guidance for low risk environments; and (2) the quoted part has provisos immediately adjacent. Further guidance is listed at the end of INDG236, including eg HSG107, which will also cover environments that cannot be considered low risk.

HTH
hserc  
#21 Posted : 11 April 2013 14:35:06(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
hserc

I agree that particular guidance refers specifically to low-risk environments, nevertheless, the provisos which follow that guidance do not require PAT testing of double insulated equipment. There is a requirement for user checks, but that is distinct from PAT testing. HSG107 repeats the same information verbatim.

Of course I agree that in areas where there may be higher than expected use, or equipment is in service over extended periods of use (years), etc. or - specifically - where a risk assessment warrants it, PAT testing of Category II equipment should be used to confirm the results of the users checks.

All I'm saying is that I would not consider it necessary to PAT test Category II equipment and that none of the guidance I have read supports that view either.

I support view that the guidance perhaps 'should' recommend PAT testing of Cat II equipment under certain circumstances (and help define what those circumstances are), but it is not clear that this is the intention as written.
Zimmy  
#22 Posted : 11 April 2013 19:11:49(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Zimmy

P.A.T. Unit used correctly will ....

Visual will show damage to leads, case, plugtop and correct fuse size and internal connections of plug.
Then Insulation tests.
Some will give leakage between conductors.
Some will give warning of high in-rush currents when the unit is switched on (this will be done by using the winding resistance and calculating the current)
Continuity of cpc (including resistance test of cpc from plug to unit) if above a stated value a warning is given and the unit will be failed.
Continuity of Phase and neutral.
The 'run test' then does what it says on the label. If the unit does not run then....

If the motor is open circuit then there could not be a warning of hi inrush current nor w

Some 'qualified' PAT people have completed the half-day course, some of us have completed the 2377 3-day course and have the 2391/2400.

Not having a pop at anyone and don't wish to give a talk on the subject but used correctly they are as good as it gets in the right hands. Half the courses run on PAT are rubbish as are the new 'short course route' to being an electrician for that matter and some of us are locked in battle with the NICEIC/ECA/HSE as I write.

Rob
Zimmy  
#23 Posted : 11 April 2013 19:15:08(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Zimmy

Sorry ...
the 3-day course has a practical test and 2 external exams not a 'completed the half day and passed an assessment' as some so-called assessment centres will give out...

Grizzly  
#24 Posted : 11 April 2013 20:10:45(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Grizzly

hserc wrote:
I agree that particular guidance refers specifically to low-risk environments, nevertheless, the provisos which follow that guidance do not require PAT testing of double insulated equipment.
/snip/
All I'm saying is that I would not consider it necessary to PAT test Category II equipment and that none of the guidance I have read supports that view either.

I support view that the guidance perhaps 'should' recommend PAT testing of Cat II equipment under certain circumstances (and help define what those circumstances are), but it is not clear that this is the intention as written.


Have a look in the IET Code of Practice for In-service Inspection and Testing of electrical Equipment (4th ed.):
http://electrical.theiet...ce-inspection-4th-ed.cfm
Specifically Table 7.1 on page 52.
This gives initial I&T frequencies for many environments, not just the low risk ones outlined in INDG236.
It is only in the low risk environments that combined I&T for Class II appliances is not recommended. In all other environments, it most definitely is.
That was my point.

Quote:
There is a requirement for user checks, but that is distinct from PAT testing.


But most definitely a part of In-service I&T. See my post above.
hserc  
#25 Posted : 12 April 2013 10:30:59(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
hserc

At £55.00 I'll have to take your word for it.
Jim Sweetman  
#26 Posted : 12 April 2013 12:38:35(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Jim Sweetman

As usual, I see this thread is gathering 'momentum'...

I'll leave people to chew over the details, but would like to add some good news...we may be shortly seeing the end of PAT testing!!!

That was one of the recommendations in the Lofsted report.
If PAT testing goes, then we are back to the mundane 'suitable maintenance' as required Reg 4 of the Electricity at Work Regs.

Keep smiling, it's Friday!!
Johnmann  
#27 Posted : 12 April 2013 13:10:11(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Johnmann

Jim Sweetman wrote:

I'll leave people to chew over the details, but would like to add some good news...we may be shortly seeing the end of PAT testing!!!

That was one of the recommendations in the Lofsted report.
If PAT testing goes, then we are back to the mundane 'suitable maintenance' as required Reg 4 of the Electricity at Work Regs.

Keep smiling, it's Friday!!

What exactly did Lofsted recommend?
As far as I am aware there is no regulation that requires "PAT testing", it is done to meet the requirement of the Electricity at Work Regulations that equipment is maintained in a safe condition - if you don't test how do you know it is safe?

Unless the Electricity at Work regulations are changed, this will still be the case.
Evans38004  
#28 Posted : 12 April 2013 13:19:49(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Evans38004

Not wishing to hijack this thread - but have I been informed correctly that the latest IEE guidelines does not require the PAT testing sticker to identify the next test due-date. Only the last test date & pass/fail.

If this is the case, how many others (safety bods + ordinary managers) will find it difficult to assess whether an item is still safe?

David Bannister  
#29 Posted : 12 April 2013 13:55:26(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
David Bannister

evans, exactly the same number as now.

To paraphrase many previous posters, yesterday's PAT test does not guarantee today's safety.
Evans38004  
#30 Posted : 12 April 2013 14:07:58(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Evans38004

Thanks David

But I think that the number will be less.

Currently Joe Bloggs can look sticker on plug that says "next inspection due date is 11/4/13" and knows immediately that the items needs to be formally PAT tested again (whether safe or unsafe) .

Tomorrow he could look art the new sticker that says "date of last PAT test is 11/4/12" and not know whether the item should have been retested after 1 month, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months, 48 months or 60 months.

No major problem for small site - but if you have 1,000+ items then a quick safety inspection will become an administrative nightmare & fewer inspections completed !?!


Zimmy  
#31 Posted : 13 April 2013 14:48:49(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Zimmy

I think all the above shows just one thing.

So little is understood by H&S people in relation to electrical testing etc. and electrical matters in general that it brings tears to the eyes of electricians. And it's electricians that some 'consultants' give advice to. No wonder then that when H&S people stand up in the training room people switch off. I have to constantly state that not only am I a H&S person but I do have some pretty good electrical qualifications before I show safe working practice method statements. I just hope that the advice that is given out during 'normal office hours' by some of you is better than some of the 'iffy' dished out here.

The sticker is only there to show the thing HAS BEEN FORMALLY TESTED ON THAT DATE and NOT that is safe to use right at this very instant! That is the role of user first use/ user inspections.... for crying out loud.

Next test date was to show that, in the opinion of the person doing the test, that it may be a good idea to formally test again at the date shown. I was NEVER a requirement, never ever was to test at the date shown.
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