Engineer climbs to the very top of the ladder means he was standing on the over hung part of the ladder where is no landing platform. So definitely Near miss, he needs orientation and training.

Off course that is Near miss which need to be investigate and root cause analysys

I know of one company which broadly adopted NEAR MISS to include "practice, unsafe act and condition". I thought it was a good start to broadly source details of 'undesired events which could have resulted in damage, injury or losses". This was accepted and NEAR MISS report started to come in. Over time, the understanding gets fuzzy again and when there is no momentum in active campaigning of near misses, folks revert to their old adage of "every job is a near miss". Constant effort required until its ingrained in hearts and minds.