Welcome Guest! The IOSH forums are a free resource to both members and non-members. Login or register to use them

Postings made by forum users are personal opinions. IOSH is not responsible for the content or accuracy of any of the information contained in forum postings. Please carefully consider any advice you receive.

Notification

Icon
Error

2 Pages12>
Options
Go to last post Go to first unread
Refgizmo  
#1 Posted : 09 February 2015 10:31:43(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Refgizmo

Hi, I am compliance manager for a large M+E Company. Our main business is maintenance, but often, we get small installation works. The current guidance for CDM 2015 advises that a Construction Phase Plan is required for all projects, then goes on to describe the threshold for notification. To clarify, what establishes when a small job becomes a project and requires compliance with these regulations?
RayRapp  
#2 Posted : 09 February 2015 11:52:08(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

Not really sure what your question is...CDM 2015 applies to all construction related work regardless of whether it is a 'small job' or a large project. The only difference between the two is the notification threshold for the F10, which you have already mentioned.
Palmer20061  
#3 Posted : 09 February 2015 13:03:58(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Palmer20061

Indeed - any construction project falls under CDM 2015 - the example we were given was even re-pointing a chimney. Interestingly(!) every contractor involved has to submit a construction phase plan for their activities. Notification is stand alone & not a trigger point for additional duties. It isn't law yet of course & won't be until April 6th, assuming it's passed.....
firesafety101  
#4 Posted : 09 February 2015 14:57:13(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
firesafety101

I mentioned in another thread my conversation with a double glazing company that can do 8 different jobs in a single day. They will not be having CPP for every job.
fiesta  
#5 Posted : 09 February 2015 15:00:29(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
fiesta

Palmer20061 wrote:
Indeed - any construction project falls under CDM 2015 - the example we were given was even re-pointing a chimney. Interestingly(!) every contractor involved has to submit a construction phase plan for their activities. Notification is stand alone & not a trigger point for additional duties. It isn't law yet of course & won't be until April 6th, assuming it's passed.....
Interesting point that I've not seen mentioned thus far in the many posts about the new CDM Regs.... "Every contractor involved will need to submit a C P Plan". I'd always assumed this would just be the PC, as previously.
achrn  
#6 Posted : 09 February 2015 15:24:57(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
achrn

fiesta wrote:
Palmer20061 wrote:
Interestingly(!) every contractor involved has to submit a construction phase plan for their activities.
Interesting point that I've not seen mentioned thus far in the many posts about the new CDM Regs.... "Every contractor involved will need to submit a C P Plan".
You haven't seen it because it isn't a requirement of the regs. I don't know where Palmer20061 derives the requirement from, but the regs are explicit: "During the pre-construction phase, and before setting up a construction site, THE PRINCIPLA CONTRACTOR must draw up a construction phase plan " (my emphasis).
James Robinson  
#7 Posted : 09 February 2015 15:57:50(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
James Robinson

Are you sure ? Have a look at Reg 4 (5)(a) A client must ensure that— (a)before the construction phase begins, a construction phase plan is drawn up by the contractor if there is only one contractor, or by the principal contractor; Dont mix up Pre con, con phase plan, and health and safety file, they all have different qualifying criteria.
Palmer20061  
#8 Posted : 09 February 2015 16:09:59(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Palmer20061

Perhaps I got that bit wrong (every contractor involved has to submit a construction phase plan). It was from a presentation by the HSE and that was certainly my understanding from the talk - but the regs as quoted above don't seem to imply that......
James Robinson  
#9 Posted : 09 February 2015 16:11:06(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
James Robinson

sorry for answering my own post above, but; I think they have chosen to say that the client must recieve from the single contractor a CPP, rather than the single contractor shall supply to the client a CPP. Politics.....
bob youel  
#10 Posted : 09 February 2015 17:28:26(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
bob youel

for the purpose of this area as far as I am aware a project starts at the conception stage of things and as things develop the project develops and continues after the mechanical aspects are finished until all things are finished e.g. all docs are signed off after site work inclusive of snagging etc. is complete The terminology is all wrong [but I did not expect anything different] as we should be quoting the need for a management plan that describes how jobs are managed not just a comment about a plan
Ron Hunter  
#11 Posted : 09 February 2015 23:26:43(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

I'm not convinced that the revised Regs require a CPP to be "submitted" or "Received". As I've noted on another thread here, neither do I see a requirement for a CPP to be physically available on Site. The Client must be satisfied that a (suitable) CPP has been prepared - would that be satisfied by a written assurance from the PC then? The Regs are a mess. The new Guidance is vague. All-in-all unenforceable?
RayRapp  
#12 Posted : 10 February 2015 08:04:02(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

Ron I don't know about you but I do not believe everything I'm told. Therefore I as the Client would want visibility that a CPP has been prepared. Otherwise I do not believe a client could properly fulfil the duty set out Part 2 Client duties 4.-(5) A client must ensure that— (a) before the construction phase begins, a construction phase plan is drawn up by the contractor if there is only one contractor, or by the principal contractor; and Although clients do not approve the CPP it's not unusual for them to review the document for suitability and where necessary provide feedback. In some cases this may have been undertaken by the now extinct CDM-C. I would not trust a PD to review the CPP for suitability. Ray
Ron Hunter  
#13 Posted : 10 February 2015 13:25:21(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

Understood Ray, however where the Client is a Local Authority with 30,000+ domestic properties and 900+ substantial non-domestic properties the number of 'Projects' and 'Construction Sites' start to add up! My point is that a diligent approach of individual scrutiny of Site-based CPPs is really a non-starter. The devil might be in the detail of course. Reg12 etc. is expressed in terms of "before set up of a construction site". It can be argued that great many "projects" (as defined) in a LA context do not involve "setting up" beyond establishing simplistic barriers or a closed door for segregation. The Regulators have again perpetuated the concept of a presumed "Site" with a defined boundary, an area where the Contractor must take steps to exclude others. In many instances, the "Site" does not extend beyond the reach of the individual tradesman carrying out a repair!
RayRapp  
#14 Posted : 10 February 2015 19:08:41(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

Ron Some fair points. I would add that in the case of a LA, e.g. Decent Homes project, a CPP would be drawn up for the whole project where there is normally only one PC. The difficulty arises where there are smaller projects which might come under repairs and maintenance. In which case a hybrid MS/CPP will no doubt be the result. These may not get the scrutiny that a major project would, but generally the risks are quite low as well. The only defence is one of reasonably practicable I suggest. The CDM Regs have never fitted comfortably with all types of so-called construction work, such as certain types of maintenance, which in my view is not construction work per se. LA's have their own difficulties not just with CDM but also CAR 2012 which essentially applies to non-domestic properties, whereas a LA has as you have rightly pointed out has thousands of properties to maintain. It appears to me that regulations are now days written by an army of lawyers with very little esoteric knowledge of health and safety management.
allanwood  
#15 Posted : 11 February 2015 10:09:43(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
allanwood

If you have an android device take a look at the CITB CDM Wizard app, looks really useful for the small builder and those undertaking work for domestic clients. could bbe a very useful app and it takes very littel time to complete.
Alfasev  
#16 Posted : 11 February 2015 10:49:43(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Alfasev

In deciding what is a project under the new regulations you need to study all of regulation 2, Interpretation. The CPP should be in proportion to the project and unlike many I currently see should not repeat the regulations, and company policies and procedures. Most well organised maintenance contractors, with a little tweaking and the cooperation of an informed Client, should not find it hard to comply. For example maintenance CPP could be the tweaked specific risk assessment and method statement which reference company policies and procedures/handbook/site induction. As a client you should have already vetted them (or used SSIP) and be happy with their policies and procedures. The CPP does not have to be a large document.
achrn  
#17 Posted : 11 February 2015 12:38:42(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
achrn

Alfasev wrote:
The CPP should be in proportion to the project and
Where does it say that? I know the consultation document said that the regulations say that the CPP should be proportionate, but to my reading, the regulations simply do not make that statement. There is no direction in the regulations that the CPP be proportionate to the risks or to the project, as far as I can see. Now, you could argue that obviously the law isn't going to require something disproportionate, but it doesn't say it doesn't. Also, I note that the SFAIRP requirement on the contractor (or PC) to manage will of itself only require that the CPP is not so large that it's preparation is GROSSLY disproportionate. I'm expecting plenty of disproportionate CPPs, or at least, plenty of demands for disproportionate CPPs from PDs who are nervous that they are required to ENSURE that all designers have complied with their duties, and will want paperwork at least to the point of gross disproportion before they feel they are adequately covered.
allanwood  
#18 Posted : 11 February 2015 12:55:33(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
allanwood

The above mentioned CITB CDM Wizard app allows you to tailor your CPP to suit your needs. & its a free of charge app too!!!
Alfasev  
#19 Posted : 11 February 2015 12:58:08(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Alfasev

I never said I was quoting the regulations or guidance. However Regulation 12 (2) states "The construction phase plan must set out the health and safety arrangements and site rules taking account, where necessary, of the industrial activities taking place on the construction site and, where applicable, must include specific measures concerning work which falls within one or more of the categories set out in Schedule 3."
Ron Hunter  
#20 Posted : 11 February 2015 14:31:26(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

Whilst I tend to agree in principle with alfaserv, unfortunately Appendix 3 (particularly section 5) of the draft L153 goes into a fair amount of detail on the requirement for the CPP "H&S management arrangements". Production of that info. for every CPP (i.e. for each and every Project) is I think a significant burden, one which I fear will tend to perpetuate an overly bureaucratic approach to compliance. Do note though, that there is no reference (that I can find) to a statutory requirement for the CPP to be available on Site!! Notable too that guidance suggests CPP should NOT contain detailed method statements.
Ron Hunter  
#21 Posted : 11 February 2015 15:08:00(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

Reading through the parent Directive again (92/57/EEC) the EU requirement for the Project Health and Safety Plan is given at Article 5 (b) as: "draw up, or cause to be draw up, a safety and health plan setting out the rules applicable to the construction site concerned, taking into account where necessary the industrial activities taking place on the site; this plan must also include specific measures concerning work which falls within one or more of the categories of Annex II" No mention in the Directive of inclusion of the 'health and safety arrangements' described in CDM2015 having to be in any Plan. Article 11 of the Directive requires that workers and/or their representatives are informed of all the measures to be taken concerning their safety and health on the construction site, and that the information must be comprehensible to the workers concerned- but not that this info has to be in the Plan. A little bit of residual UK Gold Plating it seems, unnecessarily increasing the risk of overly bureaucratic implementation.
Ron Hunter  
#22 Posted : 13 February 2015 11:12:02(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

allanwood wrote:
If you have an android device take a look at the CITB CDM Wizard app, looks really useful for the small builder and those undertaking work for domestic clients. could bbe a very useful app and it takes very littel time to complete.
I've had a brief look at this app. I agree it's a useful tool for the SME working in domestic client Projects and in that respect, I don't knock it. I'm not convinced though that it meets the HSE regulatory and guidance criteria for a CPP. Rather it seems to populate a generic set of potential risk controls to enable the contractor to develop safe systems of work for a range of risk topics. This seems to be at odds with the clutter-free HSE promoted approach to CPP. If applied across the broader Industry, this could result in a significant retrograde step - CPPs full of generic assessments, Method Statements, etc. - the very thing HSE are at pains to prevent? It will be interesting (!) to see how HSE web-based guidance develops, particularly if HSE promote (And the HSE Guidance suggests this will be the case) the CITB Wizard as a satisfactory approach to CPP compliance.
mike350  
#23 Posted : 25 February 2015 10:47:05(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
mike350

My apologies if this has been covered elsewhere but I attended a clients briefing yesterday on CDM 2015 and their interpretation might draw out some additional information that will be useful to us all. As with the original poster we provide M+E maintenance services with staff based permanently on the clients sites. The suggestion yesterday was that we would need to supply a CPP for all the tasks we carry out on site, everything from lubricating a bearing to a like for like exchange on a drive motor/gearbox most of which are two person jobs lasting a couple of hours. Larger jobs such as stripping down machinery and replacing parts lasting more than a day for example we have always completed using the CDM principles anyway. The client quoted Regulation 2.1e as an example that all maintenance tasks now fall into CDM, (this was also a component of CDM2007) but my understanding has always been that this type of task doesn't fall into CDM. My question to the forum is simply do our everyday tasks which are subject to Risk Assessment, Method Statement, Point of Use Risk Assessment and Permit to Work which also includes an element of Risk Assessment fall into the CDM2015 in their opinion
firesafety101  
#24 Posted : 25 February 2015 10:51:30(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
firesafety101

Whether they do or do not fall into CDM 15 I think people here are making too big a meal of the CPP requirement. The CPP has to be tailored to suit the type, size of the project, I believe a simple one pager will suffice for the smaller project.
mike350  
#25 Posted : 25 February 2015 12:39:36(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
mike350

FireSafety101, I agree in principal that the CPP can be a one page document, proportionate to the task. But we might do 300 of these small jobs a day spread over six different sites, they have no connection in any way to construction and if we now need to have even a one page CPP it's a significant extra burden when in addition to the RAMS requirement I outlined in my post. Effectively its an additional person a day solely compiling CPP's on each site. None of the tasks could be classed as a "project" and my question is still whether the CDM Regulations apply or are intended to apply to this type of work?
RayRapp  
#26 Posted : 25 February 2015 13:03:08(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

Mike I recoginse that for small jobs such as mainteance type work a CPP is not really relevant or needed. However, if it falls within the ambit of the regulations and is deemed construction work, then strictly speaking you need a CPP. Moreover, there must be something simplle which you can prepare which is a one-pager - for an example, a form with very basic info which only needs a few fields completed, the rest can be fairly generic I suggest. Ray
Ron Hunter  
#27 Posted : 25 February 2015 13:16:47(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

I do not believe it is the intent if CDM 2015 to have a piece of paper (single-page CPP) following every job around.
RayRapp  
#28 Posted : 25 February 2015 14:58:59(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

Ron Hunter wrote:
I do not believe it is the intent if CDM 2015 to have a piece of paper (single-page CPP) following every job around.
Ron, perhaps not, but that is the reality of this absurdity.
firesafety101  
#29 Posted : 25 February 2015 15:48:37(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
firesafety101

mike350 wrote:
FireSafety101, I agree in principal that the CPP can be a one page document, proportionate to the task. But we might do 300 of these small jobs a day spread over six different sites, they have no connection in any way to construction and if we now need to have even a one page CPP it's a significant extra burden when in addition to the RAMS requirement I outlined in my post. Effectively its an additional person a day solely compiling CPP's on each site. None of the tasks could be classed as a "project" and my question is still whether the CDM Regulations apply or are intended to apply to this type of work?
IMO one site each day equals one project therefore one CPP ? If you are unable to get them done seek assistance. I will get my wrist slapped for this but if you need help send me a pm?
Ron Hunter  
#30 Posted : 25 February 2015 16:15:54(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

RayRapp wrote:
Ron Hunter wrote:
I do not believe it is the intent if CDM 2015 to have a piece of paper (single-page CPP) following every job around.
Ron, perhaps not, but that is the reality of this absurdity.
It may well be an unfortunate consequence, but I for one will be resisting that approach within my Organisation. The HSE call for a proportionate approach and a reduction in bureaucracy. We have a 800+ repair and maintenance workforce carrying out thousands of jobs (construction projects) every week. I'm confident we can apply a generic approach to compliance via existing management arrangements, site rules and specifics such as asbestos registers etc.). These tradesmen are competent, skilled well trained and informed. They manage very well without carrying reams of risk assessments and method statements around with them up to now. Why would they need a raft of (useless) "Construction Phase Plans"? Bigger jobs - yes, OK, a CPP - but in proportion.
RayRapp  
#31 Posted : 26 February 2015 08:10:56(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

Ron Hunter wrote:
RayRapp wrote:
Ron Hunter wrote:
I do not believe it is the intent if CDM 2015 to have a piece of paper (single-page CPP) following every job around.
Ron, perhaps not, but that is the reality of this absurdity.
It may well be an unfortunate consequence, but I for one will be resisting that approach within my Organisation. The HSE call for a proportionate approach and a reduction in bureaucracy. We have a 800+ repair and maintenance workforce carrying out thousands of jobs (construction projects) every week. I'm confident we can apply a generic approach to compliance via existing management arrangements, site rules and specifics such as asbestos registers etc.). These tradesmen are competent, skilled well trained and informed. They manage very well without carrying reams of risk assessments and method statements around with them up to now. Why would they need a raft of (useless) "Construction Phase Plans"? Bigger jobs - yes, OK, a CPP - but in proportion.
I don't disagree with a sensible and proportionate ethos, but I could not condone non-compliance with the law either - at lease not online ;). So, strictly to the letter of the law a CPP will be required. Most work, even simple tasks require some sort of documentation. Therefore I cannot why a pro-forma could not be designed which would reflect the simplicity of the task and be included in the job pack.
chas  
#32 Posted : 26 February 2015 08:40:37(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
chas

Ray Rapp said...."Therefore I cannot why a pro-forma could not be designed which would reflect the simplicity of the task and be included in the job pack". Is that not what the HSE have suggested they will produce in their Busy Builder leaflet [ref page 78 para 17 of the draft CDM guidance]. That is what I am waiting for.
mike350  
#33 Posted : 26 February 2015 10:33:59(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
mike350

FireSafety101, thank you for the offer which is much much appreciated. I'm fortunate in that I work for a business that takes it's H&S seriously and ultimately if the Legislation say's we need to do a CPP for every ten or fifteen minute job then that's what we'll do! My next job today is to put a draft of a proforma together to put to the Site Managers for approval and then brief them on the upcoming change in the requirement. Happy Days!!! At least if this comes into law it might make soome openings for new practitioners to get a foothold on the ladder of progression.
firesafety101  
#34 Posted : 26 February 2015 10:47:08(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
firesafety101

Mike good luck with your new form, I hope you meeting with site personnel goes well. IMO make it as simple as you can as long as all the right stuff is included. Please feedback how it went. Cheers
firesafety101  
#35 Posted : 26 February 2015 10:49:25(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
firesafety101

In my opinion, if you have a CPP you have complies with the law. If you fail to provide a CPP are at risk of prosecution. Some will now want proof of prosecutions for not providing a CPP, but they can look for themselves.
Steve e ashton  
#36 Posted : 26 February 2015 12:34:54(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Steve e ashton

Are we all getting bogged down in semantics here? Nowhere does it say - in any laws or regs that I am aware of - that a document has to have a specific heading or title page... In my opinion - if you already have a document or system that addresses the significant findings of your risk assessment - if you have one that sets out your arrangements for organisation, planning monitoring and review, if you have one that sets out the safe system of work - or any combination of any of the above (and if the documentation covers the work actually to be done) - then you probably already have sufficient documentation to satisfy the need for a 'construction phase health and safety plan'.... Even if it doesn't have that title... If you don't have any of the above - then it seems unlikely you will set out to produce a new document??? I don't see a need to add yet more bureaucracy to an already adequate management system just to try and comply with these regs. But of course it will take a brave lawyer to stand up in court and defend a company if they DON'T have the bit of paper with that specific title on it... Shame.
Ron Hunter  
#37 Posted : 26 February 2015 12:56:04(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

RayRapp wrote:
I don't disagree with a sensible and proportionate ethos, but I could not condone non-compliance with the law either - at lease not online ;). So, strictly to the letter of the law a CPP will be required. Most work, even simple tasks require some sort of documentation. Therefore I cannot why a pro-forma could not be designed which would reflect the simplicity of the task and be included in the job pack.
Not advocating non-compliance, rather I intend to recommend a pragmatic and proportionate approach. We have 800+ tradesmen doing 1000s of jobs annually across thousands of properties. All of this minor work comes under the existing aegis of 2 Measured Term Contracts. There are evident management arrangements for both those contracts, site rules, arrangements for emergency, managing asbestos etc. - all of which is delivered on a day to day basis via appropriate supervision, information and instruction along with effective monitoring and review. My argument here is that a "Construction Phase Plan" already exists within the structure of existing h&s management arrangements (both Client and Principal Contractor). No way (in this circumstance) would I suggest that ANY additional paper work is required to satisfy CDM2015.
Ron Hunter  
#38 Posted : 26 February 2015 13:10:25(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

Steve, You posted whilst I was pondering my last post. Nice to see someone supporting my view.
RayRapp  
#39 Posted : 26 February 2015 13:44:07(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

According to the HSE draft CDM Guidance 2015: What is a construction phase plan? 2. A construction phase plan is a document that must record the: a) health and safety arrangements for the construction phase; b) site rules; and c) where relevant, specific measures concerning work that falls within one or more of the categories listed in Schedule 3. 3. The plan must record the arrangements for managing the significant health and safety risks associated with the construction phase of a project. It is the basis for communicating these arrangements to all those involved in the construction phase so it should be easy to understand and be as simple as possible. 4. In considering what information is included, the emphasis is that it: a) is relevant to the project: b) has sufficient detail to clearly set out the arrangements, site rules and special measures needed to manage the construction phase ; but c) is still proportionate to the scale and complexity of the project and the risks involved. The plan should not include documents that get in the way of a clear understanding of what is needed to manage the construction phase, such as generic risk assessments, records of how decisions were reached or detailed safety method statements. I believe there is scope within the above CPP guidance for a simple document for a simple task and still be on the right side of the law.
strangy  
#40 Posted : 01 March 2015 10:31:09(UTC)
Rank: New forum user
strangy

Ron Hunter wrote:
RayRapp wrote:
Ron Hunter wrote:
I do not believe it is the intent if CDM 2015 to have a piece of paper (single-page CPP) following every job around.
Ron, perhaps not, but that is the reality of this absurdity.
It may well be an unfortunate consequence, but I for one will be resisting that approach within my Organisation. The HSE call for a proportionate approach and a reduction in bureaucracy. We have a 800+ repair and maintenance workforce carrying out thousands of jobs (construction projects) every week. I'm confident we can apply a generic approach to compliance via existing management arrangements, site rules and specifics such as asbestos registers etc.). These tradesmen are competent, skilled well trained and informed. They manage very well without carrying reams of risk assessments and method statements around with them up to now. Why would they need a raft of (useless) "Construction Phase Plans"? Bigger jobs - yes, OK, a CPP - but in proportion.
Although the way that you have explained does sound justified i would pose this to you. If these personnel are so experienced and trained then why do they not realise any change in events associated with their jobs. If you look at Risk Assessments - they are only as good as the people carying out the task - however the personnel carrying out the task whether specifically risk assessed or not, in my opinion require more. Not more paperwork and risk assessments but tools / aids that help then understand other risks and hazards. The fact that although they may carry out an engineering facet of an activity something is different from the last time they did it. HAve they accounted for the change taking 2 mins to assess this.Put he controls in place (Point of Work Risk Assessment POWRA in the form of a simple crib sheet and moved on. Or when he change really requires further though how do they overcome this and what assistance is required (if any). I have seen countless tradesman say, im trained, it wont happen to me, ive been doing this years. Then before or after dinner to get the job away they do not assess with he knowledge they have make a for-seeable mistake. Then there is an incident with potential or actual outcomes. This is where a POWRA in a simplified format that fits in the pocket and can be used by the tradesman assists and reduces the probability of risk. A simple CPP may also help with pre planning 1 page max, but his is an alternative way of looking at reducing paperwork and successfully completing activities without forseeable risk to personnel, plant or the environment. Furthermore when i see this working the last part o the puzzle that is forgotten is, what do i do if something goes wrong???
Users browsing this topic
Guest
2 Pages12>
You cannot post new topics in this forum.
You cannot reply to topics in this forum.
You cannot delete your posts in this forum.
You cannot edit your posts in this forum.
You cannot create polls in this forum.
You cannot vote in polls in this forum.