Welcome Guest! The IOSH forums are a free resource to both members and non-members. Login or register to use them

Postings made by forum users are personal opinions. IOSH is not responsible for the content or accuracy of any of the information contained in forum postings. Please carefully consider any advice you receive.

Notification

Icon
Error

Options
Go to last post Go to first unread
jon joe  
#1 Posted : 29 May 2015 10:50:28(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
jon joe

Can employees be sued by another Employee for an injury sustained at Work. I know there is a duty of care, but will it always come back to the employer as being responsbile
Ian Bell  
#2 Posted : 29 May 2015 11:07:19(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ian Bell

The employer is responsible... see vicarious liability principles.
Ron Hunter  
#3 Posted : 29 May 2015 11:22:39(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

We are at liberty to take action against anyone we choose - irrespective of the duty (legal or otherwise) of others.
Alfasev  
#4 Posted : 29 May 2015 11:41:59(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Alfasev

This is a law question more than an H&E question. I believe you can sue any one for any loss and I do not believe there is a statute bar. There are probably test cases though. However the employer is more likely to be sued as you are more likely to recover damages from them. Unless there was gross negligence by the employee they have no liability and as the loss occurred in a workplace the employer is automatically liable. Gross negligence of an employee is near impossible to prove. Therefore any action against an employee is very unlikely to succeed. It will be expensive as you will likely have to pay the defendants costs if unsuccessful. Even if you were successful you are unlikely to be awarded substantial damages.
RayRapp  
#5 Posted : 29 May 2015 12:02:01(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

Good answers, although in my opinion Alfasev is nearer the mark. Under the Tort of Negligence anyone can sue for loss or injury, the claimant will only be successful if a duty of care exists. There are a number of prescribed duties of care, however where one does not exist it's up to the court to decide whether the accused owes the claimant a duty of care. In reality a claim is unlikely partly because the principle of civil law is to sue those with the 'biggest pocket'. Therefore an individual will not have the means to pay for a substantial claim and the employer is more likely to carry the burden. The employer is required by law to have ELI and this is the most probable means of redress following a workplace injury to an employee - including vicarious liability claims. As always it is judged on a case by case basis.
sidestep45  
#6 Posted : 29 May 2015 13:12:41(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
sidestep45

Not my own work of course: The principle is known as vicarious liability and refers to a situation where the employer is liable for the acts and omissions of its employees. The classic definition of the limits of vicarious liability stems from the 1834 case of Joel v Morison: “The master is only liable where the servant is acting in the course of his employment. If he was going out of his way, against his master’s implied commands, when driving on his master’s business, he will make his master liable; but if he was going on a frolic of his own, without being at all on his master’s business, the master will not be liable.” Refining liability Since then the issue has been revisited and refined. In a 2001 case the court established that there has to be a close connection between the act committed by the employee and the duties performed in the context of his employment, such that it would be fair and just to hold his employer vicariously liable. In that case Lord Clyde commented that the “sufficiency of the connection may be gauged by asking whether the wrongful actings can be seen as ways of carrying out the work which the employer has authorised.”
toe  
#7 Posted : 30 May 2015 14:19:19(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
toe

Interesting responses - however I don't think vicarious liability has any bearing on the question posed. Can an employee sue another employee...... The answer has been posted previously- yes they can - under the law of tort (delict) of a civil wrong if the harm was caused due to negligence and there was a loss. However, a more interesting side of this is would the employer have to bear the legal cost of the defender, if it was an injury that happened at work. I guess this would be more of a hypothetical question.
Kate  
#8 Posted : 31 May 2015 10:29:30(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Kate

Vicarious liability is relevant because it qualifies the answer: yes they could, but they would be daft to (for the reasons given) and any lawyer would advise them to sue the employer instead. I don't see why the employer would have to pay costs in the hypothetical situation as it would be purely between the two employees - although they might possibly have insurance to cover that situation as a benefit to employees.
MikeKelly  
#9 Posted : 31 May 2015 16:03:24(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
MikeKelly

We are pretty close to a complete answer. I agree with Kate that vicarious liability usually applies in such circumstances. This has been the case since the defence of common employment was consigned to the dustbin of history in 1948 ie employees worked in common, and this provided protection for the employer before vicarious liability saw them facing their just deserts as outlined by sidestep 45 above. [Another good case is Priestley v Fowler 1837.] So in the days of common employment you could only sue your impoverished colleagues and not your boss!! Great eh? You could possibly sue for breach of statutory duty in appropriate cases.[You will be stuck now as Strict liability has also be dealt a recent severe blow] Dumb move! In addition, just to complicate matters, whatever the action was that caused the injury, must be committed within the course/scope of employment. ie when doing your job even if negligently then the employer pays [as he/she should.] The position today-there are always exceptions and any good text book on Tort will give you these. Munkman's Employers Liability is one of the best. However, if the person injuring another was 'on a frolic of his/her own' ie acting completely outside the course of employment, then he/she could be sued by the injured party alone and the employer will not be vicariously liable in this situation. In these days of very limited legal aid that will, unless you are a TU member, be an unlikely scenario. And if both are members of the same union there may be some reluctance to support the action by the TU I imagine. On a bit of a loser here methinks. Even if you win the case getting the money is also hard Mind you, the phrase 'course of employment' has given rise to thousands of cases and numerous interpretations over many years. Regards Mike
A Kurdziel  
#10 Posted : 01 June 2015 10:14:24(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
A Kurdziel

Looking through my book on Tort law I have come to the following conclusions: 1. Yes it is possible for an employee to sue a fellow employee for negligence- we all have a certain duty of care to each other BUT 2. As people have mentioned only the employer has to carry insurance and so even if you win against a fellow employee the amount of money you will obtain is limited( this will have to include not just the compensation but also all of the legal bills) to their personal wealth. 3. Also the duty of care of an employer is well defined in case law (eg Wilson and Clyde vs English), while that of an employee is much vaguer; so it would be more difficult to establish that a breach had taken place. 4. Vicarious liability comes into it since if a fellow employee is held responsible for a negligent act then through vicarious liability their employer is also held responsible. This can lead to some strange cases such as Lister vs Romford ice & Cold Storage Limited (1957) where a driver employed by the above business ran over his father who also worked for the same company. The father sued his employer on grounds of vicarious liability and won. The business and their insurers then counter-sued the driver to get their money back from the family. They won even though the House of Lords regarded the case as ‘iffy’. This led to a gentlemen’s agreement that when cases of vicariously liability are upheld the insurers will not try to claim their money back from employees.
David Bannister  
#11 Posted : 01 June 2015 10:57:18(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
David Bannister

Nobody has so far mentioned the situation of violence. A locker room attack by one employee on another may well create cause for civil action between the victim and assailant, most particularly if the cause is not work related, regardless of any criminal proceedings.
RayRapp  
#12 Posted : 01 June 2015 12:59:04(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

David Bannister wrote:
Nobody has so far mentioned the situation of violence. A locker room attack by one employee on another may well create cause for civil action between the victim and assailant, most particularly if the cause is not work related, regardless of any criminal proceedings.
David, I presume an act of violence is covered by a previous post i.e. 'an act of frolic'. I note the OP has not commented thus far, who could confirm whether the scenario is a theoretical query or an actual incident.
toe  
#13 Posted : 01 June 2015 23:14:41(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
toe

Ok clutching at straws a bit here but.... consider the following. A member of staff travels in another staff members vehicle to drive to a training course, both are on duty at the time and are attending the training as part of their requirement for work. The car crashes at the fault of the driver and the passenger sustains an injury. It is found that the vehicles insurance is invalid so the IP cannot claim on the insurance so the only option left is to sue the driver for damages. It may be concluded that the duty of care (negligence) was not owed by the employer but by the driver of the vehicle. So... an employee may sue another employee if they sustained an injury in the course of their work where the employer cannot be vicariously liable. Touch paper lit and retire for the backlash.
David Bannister  
#14 Posted : 02 June 2015 08:58:06(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
David Bannister

Toe wrote:
Ok clutching at straws a bit here but.... consider the following. A member of staff travels in another staff members vehicle to drive to a training course, both are on duty at the time and are attending the training as part of their requirement for work. The car crashes at the fault of the driver and the passenger sustains an injury. It is found that the vehicles insurance is invalid so the IP cannot claim on the insurance so the only option left is to sue the driver for damages. It may be concluded that the duty of care (negligence) was not owed by the employer but by the driver of the vehicle. So... an employee may sue another employee if they sustained an injury in the course of their work where the employer cannot be vicariously liable. Touch paper lit and retire for the backlash.
Toe, I think you have found a very predictable scenario and one that has no doubt occurred many times. To be pedantic, the insurance angle is not relevant: an injured party will initiate civil action against (ie sue) the driver, who would then rely on their insurer to defend or pay damages on their behalf.
kevkel  
#15 Posted : 02 June 2015 10:19:46(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
kevkel

Toe, The motor insurers have a fund that compensates for injury and loss when an uninsured driver/vehicle creates a loss to a third party.
JohnW  
#16 Posted : 02 June 2015 13:20:15(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

Does the employer have a responsibility to ensure that anyone driving on company business in their private car has appropriate insurance for any foreseeable accident?
A Kurdziel  
#17 Posted : 02 June 2015 16:44:15(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
A Kurdziel

JohnW wrote:
Does the employer have a responsibility to ensure that anyone driving on company business in their private car has appropriate insurance for any foreseeable accident?
I don’t think so. I believe that they have a general duty to make sure that employees are fit to drive for work so they could in theory be held liable if the employee injured someone because they were not fit to drive and the employee had no insurance but as mentioned the motor insurance business have their own fund to compensate for drivers with no insurance so it would make sense (and be easier) to go for the driver not the employer in this case.
MikeKelly  
#18 Posted : 02 June 2015 19:45:34(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
MikeKelly

I believe that vicarious liability still applies. They are in the course of their employment, on duty and not on a frolic of their own [they would be if off to a booze up/music festival when they were supposed to be on the course.] The driver is at fault and this has caused injury to his colleague-much as it would have applied in the workplace. So the injured guy should sue his employer and should win.
toe  
#19 Posted : 02 June 2015 22:20:42(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
toe

OK I give up. But its been a healthy debate. I guess my conclusions is that we know anyone can sue anyone, but it is nearly impossible for an employee to sue another employee if they were injured at work.
David Bannister  
#20 Posted : 02 June 2015 23:02:47(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
David Bannister

Regarding the motor accident, if driver at fault then the injured passenger will get more joy suing the driver than the employer - there should be motor insurance in place by the driver but probably commonly no insurance cover effected by the employer, unless it is a company vehicle. EL insurance excludes motor accidents. It is certainly possible for an employee to sue a work colleague, but much more worthwhile suing the employer's deeper pockets.
RayRapp  
#21 Posted : 03 June 2015 09:49:48(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
RayRapp

A Kurdziel wrote:
JohnW wrote:
Does the employer have a responsibility to ensure that anyone driving on company business in their private car has appropriate insurance for any foreseeable accident?
I don’t think so. I believe that they have a general duty to make sure that employees are fit to drive for work so they could in theory be held liable if the employee injured someone because they were not fit to drive and the employee had no insurance but as mentioned the motor insurance business have their own fund to compensate for drivers with no insurance so it would make sense (and be easier) to go for the driver not the employer in this case.
I disagree. I believe that part of the employer's duty of care inter alia is to ensure the employee has business insurance. At the very least it would show due dilligence on the part of the employer.
Users browsing this topic
Guest
You cannot post new topics in this forum.
You cannot reply to topics in this forum.
You cannot delete your posts in this forum.
You cannot edit your posts in this forum.
You cannot create polls in this forum.
You cannot vote in polls in this forum.