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Sandan  
#1 Posted : 26 February 2016 10:10:46(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Sandan

Morning all and this is not just a Friday wind-up - serious thoughts only...

I am a member of a few websites and organisations (IOSH, IIRSM, CQI etc) and have recently come across a really good idea in the form of an advert in one of the magazines (cannot remember which one though!).

Vibration meters now in a wristband - how simple? Obviously this can be extrapolated to be fitted to tools, other areas of the body (to monitor full body vibration) etc.

How long before this becomes a 'calibrated app' and makes its way into smart watches??

Others' thoughts? (or not...)
descarte8  
#2 Posted : 26 February 2016 11:05:23(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
descarte8

Would only ever work as a tool timer,
Already exists on the Havi? meter?
Dosnt actually tell you what exposure is occuring only duration (except in the 1,000,000:1 occasion where exposure is constant and not variable)

Waste of money in my opinion
Invictus  
#3 Posted : 26 February 2016 11:12:22(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Invictus

It would let the employye know if they had completed the timings given for the tool because it records the time you have the tool on oposed to guessing that you have completed 8 hrs as a lot of employees say when you ask how long they use the tool for.
Bigmac1  
#4 Posted : 26 February 2016 21:35:17(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Bigmac1

Descarte8 wrote:
Would only ever work as a tool timer,
Already exists on the Havi? meter?
Dosnt actually tell you what exposure is occuring only duration (except in the 1,000,000:1 occasion where exposure is constant and not variable)

Waste of money in my opinion


I've been talking to the manufacturer, get your facts right before commenting. They do measure exposure, can be set to however many points you want to set as a company, uploaded by simcard. The data can even tell you which tools are used most and of those used which may need maintenance or discarded. This is a great piece of kit just like the tool mounted version. Stick to your paper copy of exposure that will get lost and just keep your fingers crossed for no future claims from employees
Ron Hunter  
#5 Posted : 26 February 2016 22:32:41(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

Expensive, and only as good as the magnitude figure you use to compute exposure with. May give the unwary the impression there is exact science happening. Cheaper stop watches are available.
JohnW  
#6 Posted : 27 February 2016 16:49:12(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

I'd appreciate more opinion on this wrist meter, especially from someone who has USED the meter, so a link to an example technical report or risk assessment data would be nice.
toe  
#7 Posted : 28 February 2016 10:34:48(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
toe

Nidan wrote:

Vibration meters now in a wristband - how simple? Obviously this can be extrapolated to be fitted to tools, other areas of the body (to monitor full body vibration) etc.

How long before this becomes a 'calibrated app' and makes its way into smart watches??

Others' thoughts? (or not...)


Take a look at some pictures of calibrated vibration meter in the link below.
Then ask yourself if these meter can be built into a wristband.

Sorry to burst you bubble but - these wristbands are not vibration meters they are just timers (as previous posts have described). And..... in my opining they are a useful tool to assist in the management of vibration exposure.

https://www.google.co.uk...AhWEPxQKHapxCtoQ_AUIBygC
descarte8  
#8 Posted : 29 February 2016 11:08:11(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
descarte8

Agree Toe, or a read of ISO 5349.

To even think a wrist mounted meter could accurately (or even close) actualy measure vibration magnitude at the point of contact (presuming you have 2 for both hands right?) is absurd, given the challenges in correct mounting and the huge errors which occur with even the slightest bit of wobble...

Stand by my comment, and my paper risk assessments which contain actual vibration exposure levels.
Bigmac1  
#9 Posted : 29 February 2016 20:00:55(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Bigmac1

Descarte8 wrote:
Agree Toe, or a read of ISO 5349.

To even think a wrist mounted meter could accurately (or even close) actualy measure vibration magnitude at the point of contact (presuming you have 2 for both hands right?) is absurd, given the challenges in correct mounting and the huge errors which occur with even the slightest bit of wobble...

Stand by my comment, and my paper risk assessments which contain actual vibration exposure levels.


Actual? so you measure magnitude how often or is it manufacturer information?
toe  
#10 Posted : 29 February 2016 23:54:47(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
toe

In my experience - I would not use manufactures data.
chris42  
#11 Posted : 01 March 2016 09:10:54(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
chris42

I have in the past used manufacturers data , but applied a 40% safety margin on it. I found this number in HSE guidance a long time ago and a visiting HSE inspector found what we did quite acceptable.

We were obviously able to accept such margin, if production was tighter then we would have had actual measurements made. Not sure if this 40% is still in guidance.

I have also found in the past when people are being monitored they tend to work differently. So even their actual monitored exposure is a bit of a guess /under estimate.

Those meters are just a timer linked to the exposure level of the machine(s) feed into it, not sure about wrist bands, but guess they would operate the same. Having this recorded timed info, come claim time, was very helpful.

Chris




JohnW  
#12 Posted : 01 March 2016 16:10:31(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

This instrument appears to measure m/s2 using a' MEMS accelerometer' ??

I'd be interested if anyone has experience with this meter.

http://svantek.co.uk/products/sv-103/

http://svantek.co.uk/wp-...loads/2014/04/SV1031.pdf


toe  
#13 Posted : 01 March 2016 17:42:46(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
toe

John, This kit looks interesting.

Still a bit bigger that a smart watch. Lol

Ron Hunter  
#14 Posted : 02 March 2016 13:06:39(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

The svantek looks to be a self-contained individual version of the reactec system (which speaks to a base station). Same principle - dependent on the accuracy of the vibration magnitude figure you program it with.

MEMS = micro electromechanical systems = compact transducer technology.

Both svantek and reactec have triple axis MEMS accelerometers. Neither system is equivalent to a ISO 5349 meter.

Useful? Yes, could be. Expensive? Yes? Proportionate to the risk? Your call!

Mr.Flibble2.0  
#15 Posted : 02 March 2016 13:42:08(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Mr.Flibble2.0

Its 2016 and I have a watch which measures my height rate, distance walked, stairs i've climbed, how many foot steps i've taken, makes phone calls, reads texts, has sat nav and it even tells the time (shocking I know). One that measures vibration exposure isn't that far fetched.

These devices are the way forward, my last company used one for manual handling which recorded poor technique and warned the employee through a vibration helping to correct their technique with very good results. This sort of technology should be embraced, trialed and used.
Ron Hunter  
#16 Posted : 02 March 2016 16:36:06(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

And of course, technology is infallible, isn't it?

Rubbish in, rubbish out.

A very exact (and very expensive) measurement of inexact data still = inexact data.

This kit is not cheap. I couldn't justify use.
JohnW  
#17 Posted : 03 March 2016 16:48:11(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

The HAVSense system is advertised in the IOSH magazine. Checked the link which says

Quote:
the system measures the vibration dose as it occurs at the hands, calculates and records the dose level as defined by ISO 5391 and HSE and provides a visual indication when the operator approaches the EAV and ELV daily exposure (A8) limits.


I suppose I could ask them for a demo.
Ron Hunter  
#18 Posted : 04 March 2016 16:59:27(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

ISO 5391? Eh?
JohnW  
#19 Posted : 04 March 2016 18:36:51(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

Ron Hunter wrote:
ISO 5391? Eh?



Ron, hmmm yes.... That ISO defines different types of rotary and vibration tools but does not define the 'measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration' which is ISO 5349, which your good self mentioned further up the thread.

(There's a thread in our members section which is identifying erroneous or misleading advertising in the new IOSH magazine, I'll drop a note there about this)
JohnW  
#20 Posted : 04 March 2016 18:42:23(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

JohnW wrote:
(There's a thread in our members section which is identifying erroneous or misleading advertising in the new IOSH magazine, I'll drop a note there about this)


Actually the IOSH mag advert quotes the correct ISO 5349 (and ISO 8041), as does their home page; the quote I pasted mentioning the other ISO is on their webpage about the HAVsense system, still wrong I think.


Bigmac1  
#21 Posted : 04 March 2016 21:44:15(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Bigmac1

Apart from Ron Hunter who seems committed to stand by his comments all the other rubbishers have gone quiet. I have had a demo, seem the stats and what this can achieve and it IS a good piece of kit worth looking at.
JohnW  
#22 Posted : 05 March 2016 15:32:53(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

Bigmac1,

Which HAV instrument have you had demonstrated? What tools were assessed? What jobs were performed?

How did the data compare with the m/s2 quoted in the manufacturers' manuals?
Sandan  
#23 Posted : 07 March 2016 12:08:49(UTC)
Rank: Forum user
Sandan

Well, that had an unexpected result - lots of good conversation going on there - thanks guys.

As for me, if I were to be looking at HAVs in the future, I think it would be foolish not to look at all the different ways of measuring and come up with the one that 'fits best' to the work that we undertake.

Many, many thanks for all the info.
Debra  
#24 Posted : 09 March 2016 10:53:29(UTC)
Rank: New forum user
Debra

I would like to respond to Ron Hunter’s post regarding the Svantek vibration dosemeter and the Reactec tooltimer.

Both devices use a MEMS accelerometer, but the similarity ends there. It is not for me to make any comment on the Reactec device, other than it is a tooltimer. Nothing wrong with that, but it is what it is.

The use of the MEMS accelerometer here is merely to establish that the tool is being operated, and the vibration level is above a certain threshold. This will allow it to start the timing process, to estimate the vibration dose received, based on tool manufacturers’ data. It is not measuring the dose received. It also assumes the manufacturers’ data is correct and unchanged depending on tool wear and tear. As you say, your call.

The Svantek SV103 has a sophisticated transducer, which measures the vibration level in three axes. It meets the requirements of ISO 5349. It is tested to ISO 8041. It is a vibration meter. It is not a ‘vibration presence sensor’.

Not only does it measure vibration to the standards, it also incorporates a unique and patented force transducer, which measures the contact force (not the grip force) on the tool. This allows measurements to be coded to ensure that values taken into the dose calculation are relevant, and representative of received vibration dose. It’s not enough to operate the tool and wave it in the air. It has to be doing something like drilling, grinding, sanding etc.

If you wish to discuss this further, call us – we will be only too happy to answer any technical questions you may have. The SV103 is not a wrist mounted device – the instrument itself can be mounted anywhere, but the transducer is positioned exactly where it should be – at the interface between the tool and the palm of the hand – the point of entry into the hand/arm system. Why would you measure anywhere else?

Expensive? Certainly, if you are estimating the vibration exposure, but if you are measuring it?..... Priceless.
chris42  
#25 Posted : 09 March 2016 11:04:05(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
chris42

Debra wrote:
This will allow it to start the timing process, to estimate the vibration dose received, based on tool manufacturers’ data. It is not measuring the dose received. It also assumes the manufacturers’ data is correct and unchanged depending on tool wear and tear.



That's not quite correct. You don't "have" to use manufacturers data. You can take actual readings and enter into the system. I know we had this system in a previous company. It is then as you say just a timer based on the information you put in.
gramsay  
#26 Posted : 09 March 2016 11:19:30(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
gramsay

Bigmac1 wrote:
Apart from Ron Hunter who seems committed to stand by his comments all the other rubbishers have gone quiet. I have had a demo, seem the stats and what this can achieve and it IS a good piece of kit worth looking at.


Bigmac, I think plenty of the people posting here had said enough to be honest. Advice and opinion here is free - readers can make of it what they will. I don't think any of the cautions raised by "the rubbishers" had been answered or negated by the posts afterwards. I'm glad you had a successful trial though - if you could post a summary yourself it might add useful info.

Manufacturer's vibration data isn't very accurate in the real world so if you decide you need to carry out your own monitoring, I wouldn't do it without a recognised way of assessing actual vibration levels as well as trigger times. This means a proper meter to proper standards, used in a way that gives accurate results, for the first element of that work - after that you can use tool-time based monitoring devices and decide how often you need to remeasure vibration levels in real-world use.

For a lower-exposure operation, Chris' suggestion of a 40% margin added to manufacturer's data sounds a fair place to start, but if you're anywhere near thinking you might have people approaching the action value, taking accurate measurements will help you put proper controls in place and help you investigate any claims or diagnoses.
Animax01  
#27 Posted : 09 March 2016 14:56:26(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Animax01

I remember when the mobile phone was the size of a house brick and had a car battery that needed carrying around, never catch on they said. My point is, technology is shrinking all the time, everything is becoming connected and smarter too. There will come a time when paper is not used for anything except the most formal ceremonial of functions. The future is coming!!
Ron Hunter  
#28 Posted : 09 March 2016 23:21:52(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

Debra wrote:
I would like to respond to Ron Hunter’s post........
The Svantek SV103 has a sophisticated transducer, which measures the vibration level in three axes. It meets the requirements of ISO 5349. It is tested to ISO 8041. It is a vibration meter. It is not a ‘vibration presence sensor.


As everyone who has been on an accredited havs measurement course knows, ISO 5349 calls for the transducer assembly to be made secure to the tool being measured. Only as a very last resort does the standard suggest that the transducer assembly be hand-held, with the obvious caveat that readings are likely to vary markedly.

If I was going to spend money, I'd want an instrument that gave me accurate repeatable data, not one that operated to the least favourable condition permitted (but not recommended) by the ISO document.
JohnW  
#29 Posted : 10 March 2016 10:43:27(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

Ron Hunter wrote:
As everyone who has been on an accredited havs measurement course knows, ISO 5349 calls for the transducer assembly to be made secure to the tool being measured. Only as a very last resort does the standard suggest that the transducer assembly be hand-held, with the obvious caveat that readings are likely to vary markedly.


Ron, we know the tool vibrates, but surely the vibration we actually want to measure is how much the operator's hand vibrates?

So isn't it more appropriate to be measuring the vibrating hand by securing the transducer to the operator?
Ron Hunter  
#30 Posted : 10 March 2016 14:40:23(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Ron Hunter

JohnW wrote:


Ron, we know the tool vibrates, but surely the vibration we actually want to measure is how much the operator's hand vibrates?

So isn't it more appropriate to be measuring the vibrating hand by securing the transducer to the operator?


The appropriate methodology is defined in ISO 5349, John. I wouldn't want to stand in Court and not have followed the accepted Standard method.
toe  
#31 Posted : 10 March 2016 17:55:24(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
toe

JohnW wrote:


Ron, we know the tool vibrates, but surely the vibration we actually want to measure is how much the operator's hand vibrates?


I don't think this is the case. The measurement must be from the tool and not the hand.

Some vibration (measurement) from the hand will have already been absorbed into the body and therefore taking a reading from the hand will be inaccurate and incorrect. The amount of vibration that the machine makes is what will (or potentially) be transmitted into the body.
JohnW  
#32 Posted : 10 March 2016 21:44:01(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

Toe, Ron,

I appreciate what Ron said about ISO 5349 but, Toe, I am not convinced (in my technical mind) that all tool vibration is transferred to the hand. Gloves will absorb some energy, and maybe firmness of grip or pressure applied (e.g. to a masonry drill) will affect the transfer of energy. That's why I favour measuring hand (not tool) vibration.

Other than HSE publications I am not well-read on HAVS so I don't know how action level and exposure level figures were worked out, but was the research work based on medical affects of actual hand (not tool) vibration?
gramsay  
#33 Posted : 11 March 2016 09:16:27(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
gramsay

Very interesting discussion, actually - your questions are perfectly valid, John.

The thing is that where there is an accepted methodology (ISO 5349) we'd be wise to follow that right up to the point that it changes.

We will ALWAYS be making assumptions about the actual harm done to an individual by a certain dose, so I can understand why an established standard that at least measures that dose at source (the part of the tool gripped by the hand) is useful.
JohnW  
#34 Posted : 11 March 2016 09:35:45(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
JohnW

gramsay, yes thanks that is accepted by the H&S community I'm sure.

The hand/arm mounted meter providers, therefore, are marketing instruments whose data would be found invalid in court? (what Ron was implying earlier)
Bigmac1  
#35 Posted : 11 March 2016 18:38:00(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Bigmac1

gramsay wrote:
Bigmac1 wrote:
Apart from Ron Hunter who seems committed to stand by his comments all the other rubbishers have gone quiet. I have had a demo, seem the stats and what this can achieve and it IS a good piece of kit worth looking at.


Bigmac, I think plenty of the people posting here had said enough to be honest. Advice and opinion here is free - readers can make of it what they will. I don't think any of the cautions raised by "the rubbishers" had been answered or negated by the posts afterwards. I'm glad you had a successful trial though - if you could post a summary yourself it might add useful info.

Manufacturer's vibration data isn't very accurate in the real world so if you decide you need to carry out your own monitoring, I wouldn't do it without a recognised way of assessing actual vibration levels as well as trigger times. This means a proper meter to proper standards, used in a way that gives accurate results, for the first element of that work - after that you can use tool-time based monitoring devices and decide how often you need to remeasure vibration levels in real-world use.

For a lower-exposure operation, Chris' suggestion of a 40% margin added to manufacturer's data sounds a fair place to start, but if you're anywhere near thinking you might have people approaching the action value, taking accurate measurements will help you put proper controls in place and help you investigate any claims or diagnoses.



Quite right. There is also the fact that my contractors, well mostly use paper reporting systems, these get lost, not filled in at all or are not taken seriously enough. Companies need to get real in defending claims, these meters give comfort in the knowledge that they can be used to back the company up following future claims, which a lot of organisations cannot defend currently. As for the data etc I am off work until Tuesday so will put something on here after that.
gramsay  
#36 Posted : 11 March 2016 22:06:43(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
gramsay

JohnW wrote:
gramsay, yes thanks that is accepted by the H&S community I'm sure.


Hi there

(if I misunderstand you, apologies, I'm not trying to be pedantic)

The standard is for whoever wants guidance on how to judge vibration dose, H&S people are only a small subset. My point was that UNTIL any alternative means of estimating harm is generally agreed, it's a good idea to always consider the standard. Or, at least, if you don't then you should have a very good idea how you would answer questions related to cases where your measurements differed greatly from standards-compliant ones.

At a previous employer, the HSE wanted detailed evidence of how we managed vibration dose and (very clearly) they expected any measurements we took ourselves to be made with standards-compliant measurement devices (used properly, which is a whole other subject!).

JohnW wrote:
The hand/arm mounted meter providers, therefore, are marketing instruments whose data would be found invalid in court? (what Ron was implying earlier)


Not necessarily, but if you want reassurance that measurements WOULD be trusted, why would you not follow the (generally accepted) standard? The only reasons I can imagine (and these are both justifiable) are:

. You are genuinely researching or using alternative and (in your opinion) more accurate ways of vibration exposure measurement. In this case you will need some fairly bomb-proof evidence to back up your system if you are basing your management of real workers' exposure on it. Many improvements to how we do things started with people thinking of better ways, there's nothing wrong with that.

. You are simply measuring time-on-tool (trigger time). This is fairly common, and is NOT a measurement of vibration dose, just TIME for whatever vibration figure you have settled on. How you settled on that figure leads you back to the start of this discussion :)
gramsay  
#37 Posted : 11 March 2016 22:21:14(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
gramsay

Bigmac1 wrote:
Companies need to get real in defending claims, these meters give comfort in the knowledge that they can be used to back the company up following future claims, which a lot of organisations cannot defend currently. As for the data etc I am off work until Tuesday so will put something on here after that.


Hi there - I'm genuinely interested to hear what you trialled and how it went. At the moment I'd be hugely wary of giving anyone "comfort" based on vibration readings which were not collected by machines meeting the relevant standards.

It seems like relying on smartphone noise measurement apps to defend claims for noise induced hearing loss.
descarte8  
#38 Posted : 14 March 2016 14:27:05(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
descarte8

Apologies for not replying sooner,

Just to go back to the initial request for thought and ideas on use of "smart" devices to measure vibration exposure. And perhaps to make my point from another perspective:

As we (and the HSE) know there are huge variations in vibration emission (thickness of material, type of material - wood, steel, concrete etc... pressure applied, condition of tool, condition of accessory - eg. worn grinding disc), as well as task duration or actual trigger time. The HSE expect, using best practice, an uncertainty of still around +/-20% or higher!

As such what is requested by the HSE is, and I quote "a reasonable estimate" of employees exposure. The "likely" level of vibration and duration of use/exposure. And to answer your previous question, yes I do personal measurements of exposure (even some under water!), usually 3 times per tool and on 3 separate users - in the case where the risk assessment estimates the risk for a group of employees all conducting a similar task or using the same tools.

The use and purpose of such "smart" devices or tool timers, in my opinion serves only to fill this gap in knowledge (or where there is significant uncertainty or variability) to make a reasonable risk assessment of the task / hazard. Level of emission and duration of use.

In absence of reliable manufacturer data (which is a lot better than it used to be, as manufacturers now have to present emission levels to the new standard, as recognised by the HSE on the old standard this could under-represent by as much as 50% - and the hse USED to recommend double the emission level - but no longer):
HSE state: "Please be aware: Please refer to page 6, 'Estimating exposure,' second paragraph - "However, if the only information available to you is the vibration emission declared in the equipment’s handbook, it may be safer to double this figure before using it for estimating daily exposures." - Due to the implementation (29/12/2009) of the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008, supplementary European Standards have been revised to help manufacturers provide information that can be used to estimate daily HAV exposure"

I would still recommend to measure the emission yourself, and use this in your risk assessment, than to implement a costly and questionable "smart" monitoring system (as above I am concerned how this measures the emission of the tool in relation to the point of conact with the hand) - which I say again, in most cases will only act as an expensive tool timer.

Personally, my risk assessments highlight maximum use times which are marked clearly on the tools. This is usually by a colour coding system, green indicating tool can be used all day and in combination with other green tools, amber no more than 4 hours per day, and red where a significant constraint applies. However there are only a few occasions where red is used, as the first priority after identifying a "red" tool is to look at alternative work methods or lower vibration alternatives.

I dont know if I have covered all points raised above, but I more than happy to discuss this further should anyone have any questions or comments. For example I have had experience managing a number of historical cases (stage 3+), targetted HSE inspectios on HAVS, reporting under RIDDOR of identified HAVS and a number of legal defence claims, the type of questions asked and the expected type of evidence required to be presented to successfully defend (again due to historic exposures - and not current practices).
descarte8  
#39 Posted : 14 March 2016 14:35:36(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
descarte8

My second, and hopefully more concise point, is that precise measurement is not necessary. The HSE also recognise that even the 2.5ms2 actionlevel (not even the limit level) is definately far from a "safe" level, and would expect up to around 10% of employees to start developing symptoms after prolonged exposure (several years) - not taking into account more sensitive indivduals (genetic / physiological differences).

As such the focus should be initialy on a general risk assessment (accomodating the variabilities previous mentioned), prioritising more risk reduction or avoidance by all practical means, as well as emphasis strongly on employee training (signs and symptoms) and medical surveillance.

There is not a requirement for 24/7 hour monitoring of all exposures every day ever by expensive and technical means - this will still not protect your workers, nor give you a water tight legal defence (perhaps only as mentioned above - a false sense of security / peice of mind).
Bigmac1  
#40 Posted : 14 March 2016 19:42:19(UTC)
Rank: Super forum user
Bigmac1

Descarte8

All your comments are valid. Though if the data given by these watches is near the mark and all the information is uploaded by 3G or 4G then a clear record is stored on a cloud, accessible and easy to interrogate. A point I was trying to make is, an example is my workplace, trigger times are to be on all equipment, some contractors use smartmeters either on the equipment or now with some looking at this watch while others choose to write guestimated exposure to umpteen different pieces of equipment onto a piece of paper. This makes a couple of things happen: - they don't fill in the times onto the sheet (human nature), they do but the times are very estimated i.e Ummm I think I was using that drill for 10 minutes when it was more like 20 etc or when sheets are handed in, they get lost or don't get data inputted onto a spread sheet for future mitigation.
The detail given by the manufacturer of the watch show comparison exposures which are close to the mark but ALL the information is recorded, that's my point.
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