In my previous workplace, we had a very similar setup, a lathe from year dot, no guard, and a reluctance to actually sort it.
I ended up getting a standard guard from a local engineering firm, which turned out to be too small, and they just delivered it, wih wires sticking out for the interlock guard, which wasn't compatible with the electrics of our lathe, it was laughable.
The best bet is to get a good engineering form round to your place and explain what you want, i would suggest a good interlocking chuck guard, possibly adjustable if you have large diameter flanges on the lathe etc, and an on tool guard for the saddle\moving tool section, this way you are protecting from flying debris and from anyone leaving a chuck key in the tool!!, however preventing people from being dragged in on such a large unit poses its own problems, you may need an enclosed unit that cannot be entered when operating, however the older lathes will have manual adjustment.
Another idea is upgrade the lathe, we did that, but instead of a 1940 lathe, we got a 1970 lathe, tbh it wasnt much diff!
the main issue is you are trying to prevent debris hitting the operator, entanglement may need an adjustable full length guard that has a slot for the tool piece to move along, and then control the risk with SSoW. Its not easy.
I have been told that the old lathe we had threw off a 24" steel flange because the chuck was getting worn, there was a dent in the railing where the operator would have stood, thank god he had moved. this was another in the list of reasosn why i left that site!