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Pressure Testing of Chermical Reactor Vessels
Rank: New forum user
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Hi all,
I am looking for how others pressure test reactors and other chemical vessels whilst in service:
Do you do this every batch?
What pressure do you test to? (100% of operating pressure or more or less?)
How long do you hold the test for?
What is your acceptable leak rate?
We are having some discussion within the company I work for as to whether it should be 80%, 100% or 110% of normal operating pressure. The level of acceptable leak rate is another discussion ongoing.
Your help, as ever will be much appreciated both from within and outside the chemical industry. If you could tell me which industry you work in I can collate answers accordingly.
Thanks,
Coy Tanger.
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Rank: Super forum user
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Coy, you need to give us a lot more information.
Whether or not you need to pressure test depends a great deal on what kind of vessel and process you are talking about. Pressure testing things that contain a lot of stored energy is extremely hazardous and it is a specialised subject in its own right.
So, you need to tell us, for starters:
the working fluid (s)
the volume
the service pressures
the service temperature
the material from which the vessels are made
You talk about leaks - where is it leaking from? A flange or a crack? What is leaking?
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Rank: Forum user
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How are you intending to pressure test with gas/air? Large energy potential here if it goes wrong!
Much better to pressure test hydrauically, if possible.
Are you working to engineering pressure codes e.g. ASME, if so what class of vessel do you have, PD5500 is another pressure vessel design standard.
Are you familiar with PSSR and PED?
I would say you need to speak to a competent engineer and/or refer to your WSE, if the vessel falls under PSSR.
What does testing to 80% of the normal operating pressure prove? If in normal use it will be operated at a higher pressure. Might be ok for a leak check, but thats about it.
It would be normal to pressure test to more than the normal operating pressure - maybe 1.5 x. Depends on the type of vessel and the code the vessel was manufactured to
Also if the vessel is still in service, you will need to make sure it is physically isolated from other vessels in case you get a leak across to other vessels - other vessels may have lower pressure ratings and be damaged by the pressure test.
Does the vessel get subject to lots of cyclic pressure applications? Are you happy the fatigue life is ok? If you over pressurise the vessel you can seriously reduce the fatigue life of the vessel.
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Rank: Super forum user
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I agree with what ITER says. I have a feeling however, that what the originator is talking about may turn out to be something other than what we are imagining. Hence my questions.
There is one piece with which I disagree:
ITER wrote:
If you over pressurise the vessel you can seriously reduce the fatigue life of the vessel.
This is not necessarily the case. The reason that the fatigue tests on the Comet aircraft indicated a MUCH longer safe service life than was experienced (some fell out of the sky after only a few hundred flights) was because the test specimen aircraft was pressure tested before it was fatigue tested. The over-pressure had the effect of significantly delaying the propagation and growth of the fatigue cracks that caused failure in the test specimen.
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Rank: Forum user
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Jane
Very true what you say, but as we don't know the full details of this pv, we can only answer in generalities. But we are not dealing with an aircraft skin - this might be a double skinned reaction vessel, it might be single skinned - I assume this pressure vessel won't have square windows and stress raisers in the corners of the window!! No thought not...
Are you the Jane Blunt from OU T357, last year?
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Rank: Super forum user
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Quote:
Are you the Jane Blunt from OU T357, last year?
yes. also T450
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Rank: Super forum user
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It appears that you do not have a wrriten scheme of examination which should also specify type of testing etc.
There is comprehensive HSE guidance at:-
HSE have a Guidance Note GS4 on Safety in Pressure Testing--surprisingly, this is not available for free download!
http://books.hse.gov.uk/...alogueCode=9780717616299
Pressure test safety. CRR168/1998--this underpins the above guidance--although it is published as an HSE Contract Reasearch Report, it is very detailed and comprehensive.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/re...rr_pdf/1998/crr98168.pdf
My advice would be to involve a "competent person" as the consequences of getting something wrong is pressure testing can be disastrous
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Rank: Super forum user
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Coy Tanger - please can you come back to us with some information. All we are saying at the moment is sheer speculation.
If the working fluid takes it outside PSSR then there is no need for a written scheme of examination. Also if the PV product is small the stored energy is small.
Although a reaction vessel won't have windows, it will have inlets and outlets, and these will be stress raising features so my remarks on fatigue still stand.
You haven't said what the container is made from - for instance if it is glass it is in a whole different league from steel.
Why are you testing? Is it to look for leaks or is it to establish the integrity of the vessel at the working pressure? Has someone done a fracture mechanics study of your items?
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Rank: Super forum user
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A little O/T didn't do T357 did its predecessor T353, & T401.
I finished my OU MEng in 2005.
All I can say at the moment is echo the comments to date.
This is a complex area and really should also have input from the vessel design team & manufacturers as to the requirements.
We can all imagine various scenarios at this stage, and without the requisite information we are all clutching at straws!
However, the testing regime, is not something to be considered lightly, along with leakage.
Leakage could for example be benign release of small ammounts of pure water, from a component which has a very small risk of catastrophic failure, however, it could be from a crack in a pipe flange stub, which could be the early warning for a sudden catastrophic failure resulting in the uncontrolled release of harmful substances.
Coy, it looks like you have a few of us hooked with this please come back with a little more information.
p.s. IIRC under the PSSR you need CEng to sign off the testing regime for systems above a certain specification, below this it is IEng IIRC.
HTH
Paul
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Rank: Forum user
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I'm just waiting for the big bang....
Any steam involved and you will be operating under PSSR.
ITER
I Eng (nearly C Eng)
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Rank: Super forum user
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Sorry O/T
Need to get my CEng application resurrected, but being self employed finding the time is a pain!
My last application took too long as my old boss sat on it for too long and then lost it!
Paul
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